Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 19

आदि पर्व, अध्याय 67 — गान्धर्वविवाह-समयः

Duḥṣanta–Śakuntalā: Gandharva Marriage and Succession Condition

बृहद्रथ इति ख्यात: क्षितावासीत्‌ स पार्थिव: । तुहुण्ड इति विख्यातो य आसीदसुरोत्तम:

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

bṛhadratha iti khyātaḥ kṣitāv āsīt sa pārthivaḥ |

tu huṇḍa iti vikhyāto ya āsīd asurottamaḥ ||

(atra gītā-press-pāṭhe anantaraṃ gadya-vyākhyā-rūpeṇa bahavaḥ asura-nāma–mānuṣa-rāja-nāma-sambandhāḥ nirdiśyante: ayaḥśirā, aśvaśirā, vīryavān ayaḥśaṅku, gaganamūrdhā, vegavān ity-ādayaḥ; tathā ketumān/amitaūjā, svarbhānu/ugrasena, aśva/aśoka, aśvapati/hārdikya, vṛṣaparvā/dīrghaprajña, ajaka/śālva, aśvagrīva/rocamāna, sūkṣma/bṛhadratha, tuhuṇḍa/senābindu, iṣupāda/nagnajit, ekacakra/prativindhya, virūpākṣa/citradharmā, hara/subāhu, ahara/bāhlika, nicandra/muñjakeśa, nikumbha/devādhipa, śarabh/paurava, kupaṭa/supārśva, kratha/pārvatīya, śalabha/prahmada, candra/candravarmā (kāmboja), arka/ṛṣika, mṛtpa (anūpa-deśa), gaviṣṭha/drumasena, mayūra/viśva, suparṇa/kālakīrti, candrahantā/śunaka, candravināśana/jānaki, dīrghajihna/kāśirāja, rāhu/krātha.)

毗舍波耶那说道:“大地上曾有一位名为广车(Bṛhadratha)的国王;又有一位卓绝的阿修罗,号称图呼恩陀(Tuhuṇḍa)。”在这一段(依《吉塔出版社》本之呈现),叙述继续将众多强盛的阿修罗与达那婆,对应到他们后来在各地投生为人间诸王的身世。其隐含的伦理旨趣在于:世间王权与武力,可能出自多种血统,甚至出自魔族;然而一旦具身为王,便进入人间之法(dharma)、责任与果报的领域。此段因此将政治史置于更宏大的宇宙轮回之中:权力本身并非德行,而统治者——无论其来处——都须为其所作所为承担后果。

बृहद्रथःBṛhadratha (name of a king)
बृहद्रथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहद्रथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; as (called)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
ख्यातःrenowned; known
ख्यातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootख्या
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
क्षितौon the earth
क्षितौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षिति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पार्थिवःking; ruler
पार्थिवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुहुण्डःTuhuṇḍa (name)
तुहुण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतुहुण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; as (called)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विख्यातःwell-known; famous
विख्यातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-ख्या
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
असुरोत्तमःbest of the Asuras
असुरोत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसुरोत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bṛhadratha
T
Tuhuṇḍa
A
Asura
A
Ayaḥśirā
A
Aśvaśirā
A
Ayaḥśaṅku
G
Gaganamūrdhā
V
Vegavān
K
Kekaya (deśa)
K
Ketumān
A
Amitaūjā
S
Svarbhānu
U
Ugrasena
A
Aśva
A
Aśoka
A
Aśvapati
H
Hārdikya
V
Vṛṣaparvā
D
Dīrghaprajña
A
Ajaka
Ś
Śālva
A
Aśvagrīva
R
Rocamāna
S
Sūkṣma
S
Senābindu
I
Iṣupāda
N
Nagnajit
E
Ekacakra
P
Prativindhya
V
Virūpākṣa
C
Citradharmā
H
Hara
S
Subāhu
A
Ahara
B
Bāhlika
N
Nicandra
M
Muñjakeśa
N
Nikumbha
D
Devādhipa
Ś
Śarabh(a)
P
Paurava
K
Kupaṭa
S
Supārśva
K
Kratha
P
Pārvatīya
M
Meru
Ś
Śalabha
P
Prahmada
C
Candra
C
Candravarmā
K
Kāmboja (deśa)
A
Arka
Ṛṣika
M
Mṛtpa
A
Anūpa (deśa)
G
Gaviṣṭha
D
Drumasena
M
Mayūra
V
Viśva
S
Suparṇa
K
Kālakīrti
C
Candrahantā
Ś
Śunaka
C
Candravināśana
J
Jānaki
D
Dīrghajihna
K
Kāśirāja
S
Siṃhikā
S
Sūrya
C
Candra (Moon)
R
Rāhu
K
Krātha
J
Janamejaya

Educational Q&A

The passage underscores that political power and royal birth can arise from many cosmic sources, even Asuric ones; therefore kingship is not proof of virtue. Once born as human rulers, these beings enter the domain of dharma where actions, governance, and restraint determine merit and consequence.

Vaiśampāyana begins a catalogue identifying certain famed Asuras and their corresponding births as earthly kings. The verse names Bṛhadratha as a king on earth and Tuhuṇḍa as a foremost Asura, and the surrounding prose continues with many such identifications across regions and dynasties.