Shloka 49

सूर्यरथ-रचना, ध्रुव-प्रेरणा, मास-गणाः च

Jyotish-chakra: Surya’s Motion and Monthly Retinues

Devanagari script

वसन्ति ग्रीष्मकौ मासौ मित्रश् च वरुणश् च ह ऋषिरत्रिर्वसिष्ठश् च तक्षको नाग एव च

Transliteration

vasanti grīṣmakau māsau mitraś ca varuṇaś ca ha ṛṣiratrirvasiṣṭhaś ca takṣako nāga eva ca

Translation

在春与夏两季，主宰之力为密多罗与伐楼那；圣仙阿底利与婆悉吒亦同为主理，蛇族那伽“多叉迦”亦在其中。由是，时间藉诸神、仙人及微妙众生而被安置；在主宰帕提（湿婆）的统摄下，流转世界得以系于节律与法则。

Word by Word

• वसन्ति: spring

• ग्रीष्मकौ: the two (seasonal periods) spring and summer / pertaining to summer

• मासौ: months/seasonal months

• मित्रः: Mitra (solar deity of friendship/covenant)

• च: and

• वरुणः: Varuṇa (deity of ṛta/cosmic order and waters)

• च: and

• ह: indeed/also

• ऋषिः: seer

• अत्रिः: Atri (ṛṣi)

• वसिष्ठः: Vasiṣṭha (ṛṣi)

• च: and

• तक्षकः: Takṣaka (serpent-king)

• नागः: nāga/serpent-being

• एव: indeed/only

• च: and

Speaker

Suta Goswami (narrating the cosmological correspondences of time to the sages of Naimisharanya)

Characters & Entities

• Mitra
• Varuna
• Atri
• Vasistha
• Taksaka

FAQs

What is the importance of this verse in the context of Linga worship?

It frames time (kāla) as a divinely ordered cycle. In Linga worship, observances, fasts, and seasonal rites gain validity because the Lord (Pati) upholds cosmic order through such presiding powers.

How does this verse describe the nature of Shiva (Shiva-tattva)?

Though Shiva is not named here, the verse implies a governed cosmos where time and seasons function through assigned intelligences. In Shaiva Siddhanta, this ordered functioning points to Pati as the ultimate regulator of kāla, while pashus remain bound (pāśa) to temporal cycles until liberated.

What ritualistic or Yogic practice is highlighted here?

Seasonal discipline: aligning vrata, pūjā timing, and inner sādhana with kāla (ritu/masa). This supports Pāśupata-oriented practice by training steadiness and observance within the rhythms of time.