Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 7
Naraka-varṇana: The Hellish Planets and the Karmic Logic of Punishment
तत्र हैके नरकानेकविंशतिं गणयन्ति अथ तांस्ते राजन्नामरूपलक्षणतोऽनुक्रमिष्यामस्तामिस्रोऽन्धतामिस्रो रौरवो महारौरव: कुम्भीपाक: कालसूत्रमसिपत्रवनं सूकरमुखमन्धकूप: कृमिभोजन: सन्दंशस्तप्तसूर्मिर्वज्रकण्टकशाल्मली वैतरणी पूयोद: प्राणरोधो विशसनं लालाभक्ष: सारमेयादनमवीचिरय:पानमिति । किञ्च क्षारकर्दमो रक्षोगणभोजन: शूलप्रोतो दन्दशूकोऽवटनिरोधन: पर्यावर्तन: सूचीमुखमित्यष्टाविंशतिर्नरका विविधयातनाभूमय: ॥ ७ ॥
tatra haike narakān eka-viṁśatiṁ gaṇayanti atha tāṁs te rājan nāma-rūpa-lakṣaṇato ’nukramiṣyāmas tāmisro ’ndhatāmisro rauravo mahārauravaḥ kumbhīpākaḥ kālasūtram asipatravanaṁ sūkaramukham andhakūpaḥ kṛmibhojanaḥ sandaṁśas taptasūrmir vajrakaṇṭaka-śālmalī vaitaraṇī pūyodaḥ prāṇarodho viśasanaṁ lālābhakṣaḥ sārameyādanam avīcir ayaḥpānam iti; kiñca kṣārakardamo rakṣogaṇa-bhojanaḥ śūlaproto dandaśūko ’vaṭa-nirodhanaḥ paryāvartanaḥ sūcīmukham ity aṣṭā-viṁśatir narakā vividha-yātanā-bhūmayaḥ.
有些权威说共有二十一个地狱星球，有些则说是二十八个。我亲爱的国王，我将根据它们的名称、形式和特征来概述所有这些地狱。不同地狱的名称如下：Tāmisra、Andhatāmisra、Raurava、Mahāraurava、Kumbhīpāka、Kālasūtra、Asipatravana、Sūkaramukha、Andhakūpa、Kṛmibhojana、Sandaṁśa、Taptasūrmi、Vajrakaṇṭaka-śālmalī、Vaitaraṇī、Pūyoda、Prāṇarodha、Viśasana、Lālābhakṣa、Sārameyādana、Avīci、Ayaḥpāna、Kṣārakardama、Rakṣogaṇa-bhojana、Śūlaprota、Dandaśūka、Avaṭa-nirodhana、Paryāvartana 和 Sūcīmukha。所有这些星球都是为了惩罚众生而设的。
FAQs
In Canto 5, Chapter 26, Śukadeva Gosvāmī enumerates hellish regions by name and indicates that they are distinct places of punishment corresponding to sinful actions; in this verse he lists twenty-eight such narakas.
Because Parīkṣit Mahārāja, preparing for death and seeking spiritual clarity, inquired about the destinations of sinful living beings; Śukadeva answers by systematically listing the narakas and (in subsequent verses) their characteristics.
It encourages moral responsibility by highlighting karmic consequences; a devotee can apply it by avoiding harmful, exploitative actions and strengthening dharma and bhakti as the safe path beyond fear and punishment.