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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 16

Devotion in Kimpuruṣa-varṣa and the Glory of Bhārata-varṣa

Rāmacandra & Nara-Nārāyaṇa; Rivers, Varṇāśrama, and Liberation

Devanagari script

भारतेऽप्यस्मिन्वर्षे सरिच्छैला: सन्ति बहवो मलयो मङ्गलप्रस्थो मैनाकस्त्रिकूट ऋषभ: कूटक: कोल्लक: सह्यो देवगिरिऋर्ष्यमूक: श्रीशैलो वेङ्कटो महेन्द्रो वारिधारो विन्ध्य: शुक्तिमानृक्षगिरि: पारियात्रो द्रोणश्चित्रकूटो गोवर्धनो रैवतक: ककुभो नीलो गोकामुख इन्द्रकील: कामगिरिरिति चान्ये च शतसहस्रश: शैलास्तेषां नितम्बप्रभवा नदा नद्यश्च सन्त्यसङ्ख्याता: ॥ १६ ॥

Transliteration

bhārate ’py asmin varṣe saric-chailāḥ santi bahavo malayo maṅgala-prastho mainākas trikūṭa ṛṣabhaḥ kūṭakaḥ kollakaḥ sahyo devagirir ṛṣyamūkaḥ śrī-śailo veṅkaṭo mahendro vāridhāro vindhyaḥ śuktimān ṛkṣagiriḥ pāriyātro droṇaś citrakūṭo govardhano raivatakaḥ kakubho nīlo gokāmukha indrakīlaḥ kāmagirir iti cānye ca śata-sahasraśaḥ śailās teṣāṁ nitamba-prabhavā nadā nadyaś ca santy asaṅkhyātāḥ.

Translation

在婆罗多伐尔沙（Bhārata-varṣa）这片土地上，有许多山脉和河流。其中一些山脉名为摩罗耶（Malaya）、曼伽罗-普拉斯塔（Maṅgala-prastha）、梅纳卡（Maināka）、特里库塔（Trikūṭa）、里沙巴（Ṛṣabha）、库塔卡（Kūṭaka）、科拉卡（Kollaka）、萨赫亚（Sahya）、提婆吉里（Devagiri）、里沙亚穆卡（Ṛṣyamūka）、斯里-赛拉（Śrī-śaila）、文卡塔（Veṅkaṭa）、马亨德拉（Mahendra）、瓦里达拉（Vāridhāra）、温迪亚（Vindhya）、舒克提曼（Śuktimān）、里克沙吉里（Ṛkṣagiri）、帕里亚特拉（Pāriyātra）、德罗纳（Droṇa）、奇特拉库塔（Citrakūṭa）、哥瓦尔丹（Govardhana）、赖瓦塔卡（Raivataka）、卡库巴（Kakubha）、尼拉（Nīla）、哥卡穆卡（Gokāmukha）、因陀罗基拉（Indrakīla）和卡马吉里（Kāmagiri）。除此之外，还有成千上万座其他的山丘，无数大大小小的河流从它们的山坡上流下。

Synonyms
bhāratein Bhārata (India)
bhārate:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootbhārata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsakalिङ्ग (neut.)/Puṁliṅga (as toponym), Saptamī (Loc.7), Ekavacana
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya/avadhāraṇa ‘also’
asminin this
asmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (इदम् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁ/Napuṁ, Saptamī (Loc.7), Ekavacana
varṣeregion/continent (varṣa)
varṣe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsakalिङ्ग, Saptamī, Ekavacana
sarit-śailāḥrivers and mountains
sarit-śailāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsarit (प्रातिपदिक) + śaila (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; itaretara-dvandva ‘rivers and mountains’
santiare/exist
santi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana
bahavaḥmany
bahavaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; agrees with sarit-śailāḥ
malayaḥMalaya (mountain)
malayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmalaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
maṅgala-prasthaḥMaṅgala-prastha
maṅgala-prasthaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmaṅgala (प्रातिपदिक) + prastha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
mainākaḥMaināka
mainākaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmaināka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
trikūṭaḥTrikūṭa
trikūṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottrikūṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
ṛṣabhaḥṚṣabha
ṛṣabhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kūṭakaḥKūṭaka
kūṭakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkūṭaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kollakaḥKollaka
kollakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkollaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
sahyaḥSahya
sahyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsahya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
devagiriḥDevagiri
devagiriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक) + giri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
ṛṣyamūkaḥṚṣyamūka
ṛṣyamūkaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣya (प्रातिपदिक) + mūka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
śrī-śailaḥŚrīśaila
śrī-śailaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + śaila (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
veṅkaṭaḥVeṅkaṭa
veṅkaṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootveṅkaṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
mahendraḥMahendra
mahendraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahendra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
vāridhāraḥVāridhāra
vāridhāraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvāri (प्रातिपदिक) + dhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
vindhyaḥVindhya
vindhyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvindhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
śuktimānŚuktimān
śuktimān:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśuktimat (शुक्तिमत् प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
ṛkṣagiriḥṚkṣagiri
ṛkṣagiriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛkṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + giri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
pāriyātraḥPāriyātra
pāriyātraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpāriyātra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
droṇaḥDroṇa
droṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootdroṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
citrakūṭaḥCitrakūṭa
citrakūṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootcitra (प्रातिपदिक) + kūṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
govardhanaḥGovardhana
govardhanaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक) + vardhana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
raivatakaḥRaivataka
raivatakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootraivataka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kakubhaḥKakubha
kakubhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkakubha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
nīlaḥNīla
nīlaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnīla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
gokāmukhaḥGokāmukha
gokāmukhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक) + kāmukha/mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name (reading: go-kāmukha/go-mukha)
indrakīlaḥIndrakīla
indrakīlaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक) + kīla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kāmagiriḥKāmagiri
kāmagiriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkāma (प्रातिपदिक) + giri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; list-closure/quotative
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
anyeothers
anye:
Karta (कर्ता/subject, appositional)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
śata-sahasraśaḥby hundreds of thousands
śata-sahasraśaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśata (प्रातिपदिक) + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक) + śas (शस् तद्धित)
FormAvyaya; numeral-based (dvigu) + taddhita śas ‘in hundreds and thousands / by hundreds of thousands’
śailāḥmountains
śailāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśaila (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī (Gen.6), Bahuvacana
nitamba-prabhavāḥoriginating from their slopes
nitamba-prabhavāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootnitamba (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; qualifies nadāḥ/nadyaḥ; ‘arising from the slopes/hips (flanks)’
nadāḥrivers (male-named)
nadāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
nadyaḥrivers (female-named)
nadyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
santiare
santi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana
asaṅkhyātāḥcountless
asaṅkhyātāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjective)
TypeAdjective
Roota-saṅkhyāta (प्रातिपदिक; from √khyā with prefix sam + negation a-)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; agrees with nadāḥ/nadyaḥ

FAQs

This verse lists many prominent mountains and ranges in Bhārata-varṣa and states that countless rivers and streams arise from their slopes, presenting Bhārata as a land shaped and sanctified by sacred natural features.

Govardhana is included among the notable mountains of Bhārata-varṣa, highlighting it as part of the sacred landscape celebrated in the Bhāgavatam—later especially revered through Kṛṣṇa’s Govardhana-līlā.

It encourages seeing the world through a sacred lens—honoring rivers, mountains, and tīrthas as gifts of the Lord, cultivating gratitude, ecological responsibility, and a pilgrim-minded remembrance of Bhagavān.

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