Mantra 19

Sukta 92

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

अषाल्हमुग्रं पृतनासु सासहिं यस्मिन् महीरुरुज्रयः । सं धेनवो जायमाने अनोनवुर्द्यावः क्षामो अनोनवुः

IAST Transliteration

aṣā́ḷham ugráṁ pṛ́tanāsu sāsahíṁ yásmin mahī́r urujráyaḥ | sáṁ dhénavo jā́yamāne anonavuḥ dyā́vaḥ kṣā́mo anonavuḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Invincible, fierce, victorious in battles—he in whom the great wide-striding powers abide: at his birth the milch-cows resounded; heaven and earth resounded.

Translation

不可战胜者，凶猛者，于战阵中制胜者——在他之中安住着伟大、广行的大能。其诞生之时，乳牛齐声哞鸣；天与地亦齐声回响。

Word by Word

• अषा॑ल्हम्: unconquered, invincible
• अषा॑ल्हम्: कर्म (विशेष्य-इन्द्रम्/तम् implied) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अषा॑ल्ह (प्रातिपदिक; a- + √सह् ‘to overcome’ > ‘unconquered’)

• उ॒ग्रम्: fierce, mighty
• उ॒ग्रम्: कर्म (विशेष्य-इन्द्रम्/तम् implied) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृत॑नासु: in battles
• पृत॑नासु: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृतना (प्रातिपदिक)

• सास॒हिम्: conquering, victorious
• सास॒हिम्: कर्म (विशेष्य-इन्द्रम्/तम् implied) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सासहि (प्रातिपदिक; √सह् ‘to conquer/endure’ with reduplication; ‘conqueror’)

• यस्मिन्: in whom / in which
• यस्मिन्: अधिकारण (सम्बन्ध-स्थल)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• म॒हीः: the great (ones)
• म॒हीः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun-like
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक; ‘great, mighty’)

• उ॒रु॒ज्रयः॑: wide-striding / far-reaching (ones)
• उ॒रु॒ज्रयः॑: कर्तृ (महीः इत्यस्य विशेषण/समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun-like
• Root: उरुज्रि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wide/strong-going’, epithet)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: क्रियाविशेषण (समवाय/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• धे॒नवः: cows
• धे॒नवः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• जाय॑माने: when (he/it) is being born; at birth
• जाय॑माने: अधिकारण (काल/अवस्था: ‘at the time of being born’)
• Type: Participle (Adjective) / Kṛdanta
• Root: √जन् (to be born) > जायमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, शतृ/शानच्-प्रकार; ‘being born/coming into being’)

• अनोनवुः: they cried out / they raised a shout
• अनोनवुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नु/नव् (to shout/cry; Vedic) with reduplication: अनो-नव्

• द्यावः: the heavens
• द्यावः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)

• क्षामः: the earth/lands
• क्षामः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षाम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘earth/ground’ in Vedic usage)

• अनोनवुः: they cried out / they resounded
• अनोनवुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नु/नव् (to shout/cry; Vedic) with reduplication: अनो-नव्

Attribution

Rishi: RV-source r̥ṣi attribution (Indra-stotra tradition) carried into AV 20.

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From invincible battle-force to wondrous cosmic affirmation and abundance.","listener_experience":"Feels undefeatable yet supported; prosperity seems ‘near.’","intensity":8}