Sutra 21

Devanagari script

उत्तमसमो रथ्यो वृषश्च मध्यमः ॥ कZ_०२.३०.२१ ॥

Transliteration

uttamasamo rathyo vṛṣaś ca madhyamaḥ

Translation

车马（rathya）应按上等马对待；公牛（vṛṣa）则相当于中等等级。

Word by Word

• उत्तमसमः: of the best (standard) measure / of superior grade
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम + सम
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; विशेषणम् (समः = ‘सम/समप्रमाणः’ इत्यर्थे)

• रथ्यः: the chariot-road; main street/road
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ्य
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; (मार्ग-विशेषः)

• वृषः: a bull
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्ययम्; समुच्चयार्थकः

• मध्यमः: of medium (standard/grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; विशेषणम् (वृषः इत्यस्य)

Entities Mentioned

• rathya (carriage-horse)
• vṛṣa (bull)
• uttama/madhyama (grades)

More Details

FAQs

Why create equivalence rules between different animals/uses (rathya vs. vṛṣa)?

To unify accounting, rationing, and assignment decisions across cavalry and transport units using a common grading framework.