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Agni Purana — Ayurveda, Shloka 28

अश्ववाहनसारः

Aśvavāhana-sāra) — Essentials of Horses as Mounts (and Horse-Treatment

प्रातः सादी प्लुतेनैव वल्गामुद्धृत्य चालयेत् मन्दं मन्दं विना नालं धृतवल्गो दिनान्तरे

prātaḥ sādī plutenaiva valgāmuddhṛtya cālayet mandaṃ mandaṃ vinā nālaṃ dhṛtavalgo dināntare

清晨,骑者当以轻微的弹动之势提起缰辔,使马起行。徐徐而行,徐徐而行——不以蹄铁相击催迫——手执缰绳,于日暮之时再加调练。

प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Kāla (काल/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (in the morning)
सादीthe rider
सादी:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसादिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (सादिन्-शब्दः; rider)
प्लुतेनwith a leap/spring
प्लुतेन:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootप्लुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; साधनार्थे (with a leap/spring)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक अव्यय (indeed/only)
वल्गाम्the rein
वल्गाम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootवल्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
उद्धृत्यhaving lifted
उद्धृत्य:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Non-finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-हृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive); धातु: हृ (to lift) उपसर्ग: उद्; अर्थ: having lifted
चालयेत्should move/urge (it)
चालयेत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootचल् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; causative sense possible by context (should make move/should move)
मन्दम्gently
मन्दम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग-एकवचन-प्रथमा/द्वितीया रूपम्; क्रियाविशेषण (gently/slowly)
मन्दम्gently (again)
मन्दम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुनरुक्त क्रियाविशेषण (very gently/gradually)
विनाwithout
विना:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Exclusion)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना (अव्यय)
Formवियोगार्थक अव्यय/उपपद; प्रायः तृतीया/पञ्चमी-सह (without)
नालम्a whip/cane
नालम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootनाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; (here: whip/cane; context-based)
धृतवल्गःholding the rein
धृतवल्गः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootधृत-वल्ग (प्रातिपदिक; धृत + वल्ग)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (वल्गां धृतवान् = holding the rein)
दिनान्तरेduring the day/at daytime intervals
दिनान्तरे:
Kāla/Adhikaraṇa (काल/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदिन-अन्तर (प्रातिपदिक; दिन + अन्तर)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (दिनस्य अन्तरे = during the day/at intervals in the day)

Lord Agni (narrating the technical instruction to Vasiṣṭha in the Agni Purana’s encyclopedic discourse)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dhanurveda","secondary_vidya":"Samanya","practical_application":"Daily conditioning routine for a riding horse: morning start with light springing cue and bridle lift; gentle exercise again near day’s end, avoiding harsh striking.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Procedure","entry_title":"Daily exercise regimen for the horse (prātaḥ-sāyaṃ aśva-cālana)","lookup_keywords":["prātaḥ","valga","mandam mandam","dhṛta-valga","dināntare"],"quick_summary":"Begin movement in the morning with light cues and lifted bridle; exercise again at day’s end gently and steadily, avoiding harsh impact or striking."}

Concept: Training is gradual (mandaṃ mandaṃ); steadiness outperforms harshness.

Application: Implement a two-session routine (AM/PM) with progressive warm-up and cool-down; prioritize gentle rein contact and consistent rhythm.

Khanda Section: Ashva-shastra / Dhanurveda (Equestrian training and handling)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Morning training: rider lightly cues horse forward with lifted bridle; evening session repeats gentle exercise; emphasis on calm rhythm and controlled rein contact.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, two-time narrative (morning and dusk) in one frame, rider holding bridle, horse moving gently, stylized sun positions, ornamental borders","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore, richly adorned horse and rider, gold on bridle and ornaments, split scene with dawn and sunset, devotional dignity to disciplined training","mysore_prompt":"Mysore, instructional sequence with clear posture and rein position, soft gradients for dawn/dusk, minimal background to highlight technique","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed training track, morning mist and evening light, attendants observing, naturalistic horse gait depiction"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"steady","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्लुतेनैव = प्लुतेन + एव; वल्गामुद्धृत्य = वल्गाम् + उद्धृत्य (म् + उ → मुद्ध्); अन्यत्र स्पष्ट-संधि न्यूनम्।

Related Themes: Agni Purana: Dhanurveda passages on aśva-śikṣā, pacing, and correction (contextual)

A
Agni Purana
A
Ashva-shastra
D
Dhanurveda
H
Horse (ashva)
V
Valga (bridle/reins)

FAQs

It teaches practical horsemanship: initiating movement by gentle cues—light bouncing/weight-shift and lifting the reins—training the horse calmly in the morning and again in the evening, avoiding harsh striking.

Beyond theology, the Agni Purana preserves applied sciences (Dhanurveda/Ashva-shastra), detailing day-to-day training protocols for cavalry readiness—showing its scope across governance and military logistics.

The emphasis on gentleness and restraint reflects dharmic conduct in action—self-control and non-cruelty—suggesting that disciplined, humane practice supports righteous livelihood and reduces harmful karma.