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Skanda Purana — Prabhasa Khanda, Shloka 105

ईश्वर उवाच । सात्त्विका राजसाश्चैव तामसाश्चेति वै त्रिधा । भवंति लोकास्तेष्वेते तमःप्राया दुरासदाः

īśvara uvāca | sāttvikā rājasāścaiva tāmasāśceti vai tridhā | bhavaṃti lokāsteṣvete tamaḥprāyā durāsadāḥ

Đức Ishvara phán: 'Thế giới thực sự có ba loại—sāttvika, rājasa và tāmasa. Trong số này, những chúng sinh này chủ yếu thuộc về bóng tối và rất khó kiềm chế.'

īśvaraḥthe Lord
īśvaraḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootīśvara (ईश्वर प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
sāttvikāḥsattvic
sāttvikāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāttvika (सात्त्विक प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
rājasāḥrajasic
rājasāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootrājasa (राजस प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (Conjunctive/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (च)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Avadharana (Emphasis/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (एव)
Formनिश्चय/अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
tāmasāḥtamasic
tāmasāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasa (तामस प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (Conjunctive/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (च)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
itithus
iti:
Prayojaka (Marker/इति-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (इति)
Formउद्धरण/समाप्ति-अव्यय (quotative particle)
vaiindeed
vai:
Avadharana (Emphasis/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (वै)
Formनिश्चय-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
tridhāthreefold
tridhā:
Kriya-viseshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottridhā (त्रिधा)
Formप्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: in three ways)
bhavantiare/become
bhavanti:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
lokāḥworlds/realms
lokāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (लोक प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
teṣuamong them
teṣu:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)
etethese
ete:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (एतद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
tamaḥ-prāyāḥmostly dark/ignorant
tamaḥ-prāyāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottamas (तमस्) + prāya (प्राय) (प्रातिपदिकौ)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: ‘mostly darkness’), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
durāsadāḥhard to approach/overcome
durāsadāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootdur- (दुर् उपसर्ग) + āsada (आसद/आसद्-प्रातिपदिक ‘approachable’)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण

Īśvara (Śiva)

Tirtha: Prabhāsa-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Listener: Devī (Pārvatī)

Scene: Īśvara teaching Devī: a serene cosmic tableau with three luminous strata symbolizing sattva (clear light), rajas (red-gold motion), tamas (smoky shadow), while beings of tamas appear turbulent and hard to restrain.

Ī
Īśvara (Śiva)
G
Guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

FAQs

Destiny and conduct are shaped by the guṇas; tamas leads to hardness of heart and resistance to dharma.

The discourse belongs to Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya, reinforcing Prabhāsa as a sacred locus for profound dharma-teachings.

No explicit ritual is given; the verse offers a doctrinal framework (three guṇas/threefold realms) for understanding behavior and fate.