Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 29
Devanagari script
हा नाथ हा महाराज हा नित्यं धर्मवत्सल । त्वया हीना भविष्यामः कथमद्य सुदुःखिताः
Transliteration
hā nātha hā mahārāja hā nityaṃ dharmavatsala | tvayā hīnā bhaviṣyāmaḥ kathamadya suduḥkhitāḥ
Translation
“Than ôi, bậc Chúa tể! Than ôi, Đại vương—đấng hằng thương mến Chánh pháp! Vắng Ngài, hôm nay chúng con biết sống sao, khi sầu khổ nghiền nát lòng?”
Word by Word
hāalas!
hā:
Sambodhana (Exclamation)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (उद्गार/interjection): शोक-सम्बोधन
nāthaO lord!
nātha:
Sambodhana (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootnātha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
hāalas!
hā:
Sambodhana (Exclamation)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (उद्गार/interjection)
mahārājaO great king!
mahārāja:
Sambodhana (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; (महान् राजा)
hāalas!
hā:
Sambodhana (Exclamation)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (उद्गार/interjection)
nityamalways
nityam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb): 'always'
dharmavatsalaO one devoted to dharma!
dharmavatsala:
Sambodhana (Address/epithet)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma + vatsala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; (धर्मे वत्सलः = affectionate to dharma)
tvayāby you / with you
tvayā:
Karaṇa/Hetu (Instrument/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; करण/हेतु (instrumental: by/with you)
hīnāḥdeprived (of you)
hīnāḥ:
Karta (Predicate describing subject 'we')
TypeAdjective
Roothīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate) with implied 'vayam'
bhaviṣyāmaḥwe shall be
bhaviṣyāmaḥ:
Kriyā (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st), बहुवचन, परस्मैपदी
kathamhow?
katham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (प्रश्नार्थक/interrogative adverb): 'how?'
adyatoday, now
adya:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Temporal adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (कालवाचक/adverb of time): 'today/now'
suduḥkhitāḥvery sorrowful
suduḥkhitāḥ:
Karta (Predicate describing subject 'we')
TypeAdjective
Rootsu + duḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (सु-दुःखिताः = very sorrowful) विधेय-विशेषण
Speaker
The king’s son and/or attendants/ministers (collective lament)
Visual Art Cues
Scene: Ministers and citizens (or court members) cry out to the king with raised hands; the king stands solemn, embodying dharma, while the empty city looms behind.
FAQs
A righteous ruler is seen as a protector; dharmic leadership sustains society, and its loss brings collective anguish.
Not specified in this verse.
None.