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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 35

यो विना नियमं मर्त्यो व्रतं वा जाप्यमेव वा । चतुर्मासान्नयेन्मूर्खो जीवन्नपि मृतो हि सः

yo vinā niyamaṃ martyo vrataṃ vā jāpyameva vā | caturmāsānnayenmūrkho jīvannapi mṛto hi saḥ

Kẻ phàm ngu dại trôi qua bốn tháng thiêng mà không giữ một phép trì giới nào—không có một lời nguyện (vrata) hay dù chỉ một lần tụng niệm—dẫu đang sống cũng thật như đã chết.

yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (यद्-सर्वनाम)
Formप्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine) — सम्बन्धसूचक
vināwithout
vinā:
Apādāna-like (separation/वियोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvinā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, वियोगार्थक/अपादानार्थक (without)
niyamaman observance
niyamam:
Karma (Object governed by vinā/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootniyama (नियम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
martyaḥa mortal man
martyaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmartya (मर्त्य-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
vratama vow
vratam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvrata (व्रत-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
or
:
Connector (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक निपात (disjunctive particle)
jāpyam(something) to be recited (japa)
jāpyam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Root√jap (जप् धातु) + ya (यत्/कृत्य)
Formकृत्य (gerundive used substantively), द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter) — ‘जपनीयम्’
evaindeed/just
eva:
Emphasis (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक निपात (emphatic)
or
:
Connector (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक निपात (or)
caturmāsānthe four months
caturmāsān:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcaturmāsa (चतुर्मास-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine) — द्विगुसमासः: catur (4) + māsa
nayetshould pass/spend
nayet:
Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√nī (नी धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
mūrkhaḥa fool
mūrkhaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmūrkha (मूर्ख-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine) — कर्तृवाचक (appositional)
jīvanliving
jīvan:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√jīv (जीव् धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
apieven
api:
Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formसम्भावना/अपि-कार (even/also)
mṛtaḥdead
mṛtaḥ:
Predicate adjective (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Root√mṛ (मृ धातु) + kta (क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
hiindeed
hi:
Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formहेतौ/निश्चयार्थे निपात (indeed/for)
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद्-सर्वनाम)
Formप्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)

Skanda (deduced)

Scene: A contrast scene: one person idly sleeping through rainy months while another performs japa by a lamp; a subtle allegory of ‘living dead’ vs ‘awake devotee’.

C
Cāturmāsya
V
Vrata
J
Japa

FAQs

Sacred time must be honored with practice; neglect of vow or japa during Cāturmāsya is portrayed as spiritual lifelessness.

No specific tīrtha is named; the teaching exalts Cāturmāsya as a uniquely significant religious season.

At minimum, observe a niyama, undertake a vrata, or perform japa during the four-month period.

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