Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 45

Devanagari script

जघान तेषां संक्रुद्धः कोटिकोटिं जनार्दनः । ततस्ते सहसा भूत्वा न्यपतन्केशवोपरि

Transliteration

jaghāna teṣāṃ saṃkruddhaḥ koṭikoṭiṃ janārdanaḥ | tataste sahasā bhūtvā nyapatankeśavopari

Translation

Trong cơn thịnh nộ, Janārdana đánh hạ chúng hết crores này đến crores khác. Rồi chúng bỗng tụ lại thật nhanh và lao ập xuống trên Keśava.

Word by Word

• jaghāna: slew, struck down
• jaghāna: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: han (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural

• saṃkruddhaḥ: enraged
• saṃkruddhaḥ: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ-krudh (धातु) → saṃkruddha (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; जनार्दन-विशेषण

• koṭikoṭim: crores upon crores (a vast number)
• koṭikoṭim: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: koṭi + koṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (कोटिश्च कोटिश्च), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; संख्या-परिमाण (idiomatically ‘crores upon crores’)

• janārdanaḥ: Janārdana
• janārdanaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janārdana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘then/thereupon’

• te: they
• te: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• sahasā: suddenly
• sahasā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Manner/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘suddenly/violently’

• bhūtvā: having become
• bhūtvā: Pūrvakāla (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having become/being’

• nyapatan: fell down, rushed down
• nyapatan: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-pat (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural

• keśava-upari: upon Keśava
• keśava-upari: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: keśava (प्रातिपदिक) + upari (अव्यय)
• Form: उपपद-सम्बन्ध: upari (अव्यय, preposition) with Genitive/compound; here as keśavopari = ‘upon Keśava’

Speaker

Sūta (Lomaharṣaṇa) narrating to the sages (deduced)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Janārdana, blazing with anger, fells innumerable dānavas; the survivors suddenly coalesce and hurl themselves bodily upon Keśava in a desperate mass attack.

Characters & Entities

• Janārdana (Viṣṇu)
• Keśava (Viṣṇu)
• Dānavas/Daityas

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Even when evil masses together, dharma’s guardian remains unconquered; numbers do not substitute for righteousness.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No site is glorified in this verse.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None.