Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 10

Devanagari script

स्थावरा जंगमाः सर्वे जाता आनंदमेदुराः । सुरासुरेषु सर्वेषु गंधर्वेषूरगेषु च

Transliteration

sthāvarā jaṃgamāḥ sarve jātā ānaṃdamedurāḥ | surāsureṣu sarveṣu gaṃdharveṣūrageṣu ca

Translation

Muôn loài—kẻ đứng yên và kẻ chuyển động—đều chan chứa hỷ lạc; giữa chư thiên và a-tu-la, giữa Gandharva và Nāga cũng vậy.

Word by Word

• स्थावराः: immovables (plants etc.)
• स्थावराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थावर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• जङ्गमाः: movables (animals etc.)
• जङ्गमाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जङ्गम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• जाताः: became
• जाताः: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जात (कृदन्त; √जन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) — ‘having become’ (participial predicate)

• आनन्दमेदुराः: full of joy
• आनन्दमेदुराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आनन्द + मेदुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (आनन्देन मेदुराः = filled with bliss)

• सुरासुरेषु: among gods and demons
• सुरासुरेषु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुर + असुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व (सुराश्च असुराश्च)

• सर्वेषु: in all
• सर्वेषु: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोग

• गन्धर्वेषु: among Gandharvas
• गन्धर्वेषु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन

• उरगेषु: among serpents
• उरगेषु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उरग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speaker

Skanda

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī (Avimukta-kṣetra)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Ṛṣis (frame implied)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A panoramic cosmic assembly: trees and animals (sthāvara-jaṅgama) glow with joy; devas and asuras stand side by side; Gandharvas sing while Nāgas rise from jeweled waters, all sharing one festival radiance.

Characters & Entities

• Devas
• Asuras
• Gandharvas
• Nāgas
• Śiva (context)
• Kāśī (implied)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Śiva’s auspiciousness is universal—his grace harmonizes even opposing classes of beings.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Kāśī is implied as the locus where cosmic beings gather and experience shared bliss.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None directly; the verse functions as a mahātmya-style proclamation of sacred, joy-bestowing presence.