Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 87

Devanagari script

उपोषणपरो भूत्वा तथैवासीदहर्निशम् । अथान्येद्युर्मुनिर्व्यासः कृत्वा माध्याह्निकं विधिम्

Transliteration

upoṣaṇaparo bhūtvā tathaivāsīdaharniśam | athānyedyurmunirvyāsaḥ kṛtvā mādhyāhnikaṃ vidhim

Translation

Quyết chí nhịn ăn, ngài giữ như thế suốt ngày đêm. Rồi sang hôm sau, hiền triết Vyāsa, sau khi cử hành nghi lễ giữa trưa…

Word by Word

• उपोषणपरः: devoted to fasting
• उपोषणपरः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपोषण + पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (उपोषणे परः = fasting-devoted); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भूत्वा: having become
• भूत्वा: पूर्वकर्म (Prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having become’

• तथा: thus; in that manner
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• एव: indeed; just
• एव: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle/emphasis)

• आसीत्: he remained/was
• आसीत्: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• अहर्निशम्: day and night
• अहर्निशम्: कालाधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अहन् + निशा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व (अहः च निशा च), अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोगः; द्वितीया-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययार्थः ‘day and night’

• अथ: then
• अथ: सम्बन्ध (Discourse connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction/particle)

• अन्येद्युः: next day
• अन्येद्युः: कालाधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्य + द्युस्/द्युः (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (temporal adverb), ‘on the next day’

• मुनिः: sage
• मुनिः: कर्ता (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• व्यासः: Vyāsa
• व्यासः: कर्ता (Subject/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; मुनिः इति समानाधिकरण

• कृत्वा: having performed
• कृत्वा: पूर्वकर्म (Prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having done’

• माध्याह्निकम्: midday (rite)
• माध्याह्निकम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्याह्न + इक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधिम् इति विशेषण

• विधिम्: procedure/rite
• विधिम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

Narrator voice within Skanda’s discourse (deduced)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī (Avimukta)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Night passes with the sage and disciples fasting; at the next day’s midday, Vyāsa performs madhyāhnika—standing or seated with water vessel, facing the proper direction, composed despite continued hunger.

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Kāśī

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Fasting becomes a conscious vow when borne with steadiness; ritual discipline anchors the mind through adversity.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Kāśī, where tapas (austerity) and nitya-karma are shown as naturally flourishing.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Upoṣaṇa (fasting) and the mādhyāhnika vidhi (midday rite) are explicitly referenced.