Skanda Purana — Brahma Khanda, Shloka 78

Devanagari script

गंधर्वयक्षपतगोरगसिद्ध साध्या विद्याधरामरवराप्सरसां गणाश्च । येऽन्ये त्रिलोकनिलयाः सह भूतवर्गाः प्राप्ते प्रदोषसमये हरपार्थसंस्थाः

Transliteration

gaṃdharvayakṣapatagoragasiddha sādhyā vidyādharāmaravarāpsarasāṃ gaṇāśca | ye'nye trilokanilayāḥ saha bhūtavargāḥ prāpte pradoṣasamaye harapārthasaṃsthāḥ

Translation

Đoàn Gandharva, Yakṣa, chim muông, Nāga, Siddha và Sādhya; các toán Vidyādhara, chư thần và những Apsaras bậc nhất; cùng mọi cư dân khác của ba cõi với các loài hữu tình—khi giờ Pradoṣa đến, tất thảy an vị để hầu cận Hara (Śiva) cùng Pārvatī.

Word by Word

• gandharva-yakṣa-pataga-uraga-siddha-sādhyāḥ: Gandharvas, Yakṣas, birds, serpents, Siddhas, and Sādhyas
• gandharva-yakṣa-pataga-uraga-siddha-sādhyāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gandharva+yakṣa+pataga+uraga+siddha+sādhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (समाहार/इतरेतर)

• vidyādhara-amara-vara-apsarasām: of Vidyādharas, gods, excellent ones, and Apsarases
• vidyādhara-amara-vara-apsarasām: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidyādhara+amara+vara+apsaras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (apsaras), षष्ठी, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (विद्याधराः च अमराः च वराः च अप्सरसः च)

• gaṇāḥ: groups
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• anye: other
• anye: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• tri-loka-nilayāḥ: inhabitants of the three worlds
• tri-loka-nilayāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tri+loka+nilaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः त्रि+लोक (द्विगु) + निलय (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: 'dwellers of the three worlds')

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakari (Accompaniment/सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: सह (postposition: with)

• bhūta-vargāḥ: hosts of beings
• bhūta-vargāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta+varga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः भूत+वर्ग (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)

• prāpte: when (it) has arrived
• prāpte: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra+āp (धातु) + ta (कृत्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; (प्रदोषसमये इति सापेक्षः: 'when ... has arrived')

• pradoṣa-samaye: at pradoṣa time
• pradoṣa-samaye: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pradoṣa-samaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; समासः प्रदोष+समय (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)

• hara-pārtha-saṃsthāḥ: stationed with Hara and Pārtha
• hara-pārtha-saṃsthāḥ: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hara+pārtha+saṃstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः हर+पार्थ (द्वन्द्व/तत्पुरुषप्रायः) + संस्थ (तत्पुरुषः: 'stationed with/near Hara and Pārtha')

Speaker

Unknown (devotional narrator within Brahmottarakhaṇḍa)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A vast cosmic amphitheater at Pradoṣa: Gandharvas and Apsarases, Yakṣas, Vidyādharas, Nāgas, Siddhas, Sādhyas, birds and other beings, plus bhūta-gaṇas, all arranged in tiers around Śiva and Pārvatī in the center.

Characters & Entities

• Śiva (Hara)
• Pārvatī
• Gandharvas
• Yakṣas
• Nāgas (Uraga)
• Siddhas
• Sādhyas
• Vidyādharas
• Apsarases

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Pradoṣa is celebrated as a cosmic hour of Śiva’s worship, drawing reverence from all realms of existence.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific earthly tīrtha is named; the verse universalizes Pradoṣa as sacred across the three worlds.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Implied prescription: participate in Śiva worship at Pradoṣa, aligning oneself with the cosmic assembly devoted to Hara.