Rig Veda 7.95.1: Mandala 7, Sukta 95, Mantra 1

Sukta 7.95

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 7.95 Sarasvatī hymn)

Devata: Sarasvatī

Chandas: Jagatī (probable for RV 7.95.1; confirm by syllable count)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र क्षोदसा धायसा सस्र एषा सरस्वती धरुणमायसी पूः । प्रबाबधाना रथ्येव याति विश्वा अपो महिना सिन्धुरन्याः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.95.1

Transliteration

prá kṣódasā dhā́yasā sasra eṣā́ sárasvatī dharuṇám ā́yasī pū́ḥ | prá-bābadhānā rathyèva yāti víśvā apó mahinā́ síndhur anyā́ḥ ||

Translation

Nàng lao về phía trước với sức thúc đẩy và quyền năng nâng đỡ—Sarasvatī, dòng sung mãn đặt nền trên sắt. Nàng tiến ép như chiến xa đang lăn bánh; bởi sự vĩ đại của mình, nàng vượt trội mọi dòng nước khác.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• क्षोदसा: with/through (her) impelling force
• क्षोदसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षोदस् (prātipadika; from √क्षुद्/क्षोद् ‘to pound, impel’)

• धायसा: with (her) sustaining/nourishing power
• धायसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धायस् (prātipadika; ‘nourishing power/strength’)

• सस्रे: has flowed, has run
• सस्रे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सृ (सरति ‘to flow, run’)

• एषा: this (she)
• एषा: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एष (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• सरस्वती: Sarasvatī
• सरस्वती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरस्वती (proper noun/prātipadika)

• धरुणम्: support, firm base
• धरुणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धरुण (prātipadika; ‘support, foundation’)

• आयसी: metallic, iron(-strong)
• आयसी: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आयस (prātipadika; ‘of metal/iron’)

• पूः: a stronghold, fortification
• पूः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूः (prātipadika; ‘fortified place, stronghold, rampart’)

• प्र: forth
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• बाबधाना: pressing on, forcing (her way), impelling
• बाबधाना: Kartā
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √बन्ध्/बध् (Vedic; ‘to bind, press, constrain’; reduplicated present participle)

• रथ्येव: like a chariot(-road)/like (one on) a chariot-path
• रथ्येव: —
• Type: Noun + Indeclinable
• Root: रथ्य (prātipadika) + इव (indecl.)

• याति: goes, moves
• याति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (याति ‘to go’)

• विश्वाः: all
• विश्वाः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika)

• अपः: waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्/आप् (prātipadika; ‘water’)

• महिना: by (her) might
• महिना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिमन्/महिना (prātipadika; ‘greatness, might’)

• सिन्धुः: the river, the Sindhu (stream)
• सिन्धुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (prātipadika)

• अन्याः: of the other (river[s])
• अन्याः: —
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: अन्य (prātipadika)