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Rig Veda 7.28.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 28, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.28

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification)

तव प्रणीतीन्द्र जोहुवानान्त्सं यन्नॄन्न रोदसी निनेथ । महे क्षत्राय शवसे हि जज्ञेऽतूतुजिं चित्तूतुजिरशिश्नत् ॥

tavá praṇī́tīndra jóhuvānāntsáṃ yán nṝ́n ná rodasī́ ninétha | mahé kṣatrā́ya śávase hí jajñé atū́tujim cit tū́tujiḥ aśiśnat ||

Hỡi Indra, nhờ sự dẫn dắt của Ngài, những kẻ khẩn thiết kêu cầu Ngài được Ngài quy tụ lại, như thể Ngài kéo những người tìm cầu của loài người vào hai cõi—trời và đất. Vì vương quyền rộng lớn và sức mạnh, Ngài đã sinh ra; ngay cả kẻ chưa bị thúc giục, Ngài cũng khiến chuyển động—Ngài, đấng thúc đẩy, đẩy họ tiến lên.

तवof you / your
तव:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्- (युष्मद्-प्रातिपदिक)
प्रणीती(your) leading, guidance
प्रणीती:
कर्तृ/हेतु-भाव (as ‘guidance/leading’ as cause/agency)
TypeNoun
Rootप्र-नी- (धातु √नी ‘नेतुम्’) → प्रणीति-
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootइन्द्र-
जोहुवानान्(the) repeatedly invoking (men)
जोहुवानान्:
कर्म (qualifier of the object ‘men’)
TypeParticiple (present, intensive) used adjectivally
Root√ह्वे (ह्वयति ‘to call, invoke’) with intensive/reduplicated stem jo-hu- + kṛdanta
सम्together, completely
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootसम्- (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
यत्which / what
यत्:
कर्म (object of निनेथ in relative clause)
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद्-
नॄन्men
नॄन्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootनृ-
like, as
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-अव्यय)
रोदसीthe two worlds (Heaven and Earth)
रोदसी:
कर्म/उपमान (object of comparison)
TypeNoun (dual)
Rootरोदसी- (द्विवचन-शब्द; ‘heaven-and-earth’)
निनेथyou have led / guided
निनेथ:
कर्तृ (implicit ‘you’, Indra)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√नी (धातु √नी ‘to lead’)
महेfor the great (end)
महे:
सम्प्रदान
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / dative form
Rootमहत्-
क्षत्रायfor dominion / sovereignty
क्षत्राय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र-
शवसेfor strength, might
शवसे:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootशवस्-
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
जज्ञेwas born / has been born
जज्ञे:
कर्तृ (subject: Indra implied)
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (to be born)
अतूतुजिम्the un-impellable / unshakable
अतूतुजिम्:
कर्म (object/attribute in apposition)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ- + तूतुजि- (intensive noun/adj. from √तुज् ‘to push, impel, smite’)
चित्even
चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
तूतुजिःthe impeller / smiter
तूतुजिः:
कर्तृ (subject of अशिश्नत्)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootतूतुजि- (intensive from √तुज्)
अशिश्नत्struck / overpowered
अशिश्नत्:
कर्तृ (subject: तूतुजिः)
TypeVerb
Root√श्नथ्/श्नथ् (Vedic: ‘to pierce/strike/overpower’; with a- augment; reduplicated a-śi-śn(a)th-)

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