Rig Veda 5.52.16: Mandala 5, Sukta 52, Mantra 16

Sukta 5.52

Rishi: Atri (Atraya tradition) — commonly associated with Mandala 5 hymns

Devata: Maruts with explicit Rudra/Pṛśni parentage; Rudra named as father, Pṛśni as mother

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 5.52; verse-level confirmation recommended)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र ये मे बन्ध्वेषे गां वोचन्त सूरयः पृश्निं वोचन्त मातरम् । अधा पितरमिष्मिणं रुद्रं वोचन्त शिक्वसः ॥

Transliteration

prá yé me bandhv-eṣé gā́m vócanta sūráyaḥ pṛ́śnim vócanta mātáram | ádhā pitáram iṣmíṇaṁ rudráṁ vócanta śíkvasāḥ ||

Translation

Những kẻ tìm mối thân thuộc (bandhu) trong Chân lý tiến lên và tuyên xưng với ta: họ gọi là “Bò (Cow)”; họ tuyên xưng Pṛśni là Mẹ. Rồi những bậc hùng mạnh, giàu lời nói linh hứng, tuyên xưng Cha—Rudra, Đấng thúc đẩy.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• ये: who (they)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• मे: of me, my
• मे: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (asmad)

• बन्धु: kinsman, kin, relation
• बन्धु: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धु (prātipadika)

• इषे: for refreshment/strength
• इषे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष् (dhātu: iṣ ‘to seek/impel’ → iṣá- ‘refreshment/strength’)

• गाम्: cow
• गाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (prātipadika)

• वः: to you
• वः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (yuṣmad)

• वोचन्त: they spoke, they proclaimed
• वोचन्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (dhātu)

• सूरयः: seers, sages
• सूरयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूरि (prātipadika)

• पृश्निम्: Pṛśni (the dappled one; mother of the Maruts)
• पृश्निम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृश्नि (prātipadika)

• वोचन्त: they spoke, they proclaimed
• वोचन्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (dhātu)

• मातरम्: mother
• मातरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (prātipadika)

• अधा: then, thereafter
• अधा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधा (particle)

• पितरम्: father
• पितरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (prātipadika)

• इष्मिणम्: strong, vigorous
• इष्मिणम्: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इष्मिन् (prātipadika; ‘strong/impetuous’, lit. ‘possessing iṣman/force’)

• रुद्रम्: Rudra
• रुद्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (prātipadika)

• वोचन्त: they spoke, they proclaimed
• वोचन्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (dhātu)

• शिक्वसः: the skilled ones, the wise (singers)
• शिक्वसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: शिक्वस् (prātipadika; ‘skilled/wise’, from √शक्/शिक्ष् tradition ‘to be able/learn’)