Rig Veda 5.20.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 20, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.20

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional attribution for Mandala 5 Atri hymns)

Devata: Agni (continuation within RV 5.20 Agni hymn context; epithets suit Agni as forceful helper and sukratu)

Chandas: Trishtubh/Jagati (probable; verify in critical edition due to longer cadence and repetitions)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इत्था यथा त ऊतये सहसावन्दिवेदिवे । राय ऋताय सुक्रतो गोभिः ष्याम सधमादो वीरैः स्याम सधमादः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.20.4

Transliteration

itthā́ yáthā te ūtáye sáhasāvandive-dive | rāyá ṛtā́ya sukrato góbhīḥ syāma sadhamā́do vīráiḥ syāma sadhamā́daḥ ||

Translation

Ước sao được như vậy: để cầu sự hộ trì của Ngài, hỡi Đấng hùng lực, ngày qua ngày; để cầu sự giàu có tương ưng với ṛta (trật tự chân thật của vũ trụ), hỡi Đấng có ý chí trong sáng, xin cho chúng con được dự phần sadhāmāda (niềm hoan lạc chung), cùng với những ‘bò’ của ánh sáng (các tia rạng) và cùng với sức mạnh anh hùng; xin cho chúng con được dự phần sadhāmāda.

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Word by Word

• इत्था: thus, in this manner
• इत्था: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्था (avyaya-prātipadika)

• यथा: as, just as
• यथा: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (avyaya-prātipadika)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: Sampradāna (possessor of aid) / relation
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (sarvanāman-prātipadika)

• ऊतये: for (your) help/aid
• ऊतये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति (prātipadika)

• सहसावन्: O mighty one
• सहसावन्: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: सहसावन् (prātipadika; from सहस् ‘might’)

• दिवे-दिवे: day by day
• दिवे-दिवे: Adhikaraṇa (काल)
• Type: Noun (reduplicated adverbial)
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika: दिवस/दिव्)

• रायः: of wealth, of bounty
• रायः: Sampradāna/Relation (genitive of purpose/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्/रायि (prātipadika)

• ऋताय: for ṛta (truth/cosmic order)
• ऋताय: Sampradāna (goal/purpose) / Adhikaraṇa (norm)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (prātipadika)

• सु-क्रतो: O good-minded/wise in resolve
• सु-क्रतो: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सुक्रतु (prātipadika)

• गोभिः: with cows (cattle)
• गोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (prātipadika)

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: Kartā (implicit ‘we’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• सध-मादः: a companion at the common feast/pressing
• सध-मादः: Kartā/Predicate-nominative (with स्याम)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (prātipadika)

• वीरैः: with heroes/men
• वीरैः: Karaṇa (association/instrumental of accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (prātipadika)

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: Kartā (implicit ‘we’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• सध-मादः: a companion at the common feast/pressing
• सध-मादः: Kartā/Predicate-nominative (with स्याम)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (prātipadika)