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Rig Veda 4.1.17: Mandala 4, Sukta 1, Mantra 17

Sukta 4.1

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Uṣas and Sūrya (within the Agni hymn’s illumination sequence)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नेशत्तमो दुधितं रोचत द्यौरुद्देव्या उषसो भानुरर्त । आ सूर्यो बृहतस्तिष्ठदज्राँ ऋजु मर्तेषु वृजिना च पश्यन् ॥

Transliteration

néśat támo dúdhitaṃ rócata dyáur úd devyā́ uṣáso bhā́nur arta | ā́ sū́ryo bृहतás tiṣṭhad ájrāṃ ṛjú márteṣu vṛjinā́ ca páśyan ||

Translation

Bóng tối dày đặc tiêu vong; bầu trời rạng sáng. Tia sáng của nữ thần Uṣas (Bình minh) vươn lên cao. Rồi Mặt Trời đứng trong Cõi Rộng Lớn, trên những cánh đồng không đứt đoạn, nhìn thấy điều ngay thẳng giữa loài người—và cũng thấy cả điều quanh co.

Word by Word
नेशत्perished / vanished
नेशत्:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootनश् (नशँ) / √naś
तमःdarkness
तमः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक) / tamas
दुधितम्shaken / driven away
दुधितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (participle)
Root√धू (धूनोति) → दुधित (कृदन्त, PPP) / dhū
रोचतshone
रोचत:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√रुच् (रुचँ) / ruc
द्यौःthe sky
द्यौः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ (प्रातिपदिक) / dyau
उत्up / forth
उत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootउत्
देव्याःof the goddess
देव्याः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootदेवी (प्रातिपदिक) / devī
उषसःof Uṣas (Dawn)
उषसः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक) / uṣas
भानुःradiance / beam
भानुः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootभानु (प्रातिपदिक) / bhānu
अर्तmoved / set in motion
अर्त:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√ऋ (ऋ गतौ) / √ar (Vedic: arta)
आtowards / forth
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ
सूर्यःthe Sun
सूर्यः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) / sūrya
बृहतःof the great (one)
बृहतः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) / bṛhant
तिष्ठत्standing
तिष्ठत्:
Kartā
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√स्था (तिष्ठति) / sthā
अज्रान्open fields / plains
अज्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअज्र (प्रातिपदिक) / ajra
ऋजुstraight / rightly
ऋजु:
—
TypeAdjective/Adverb
Rootऋजु (प्रातिपदिक) / ṛju
मर्तेषुamong mortals
मर्तेषु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त (प्रातिपदिक) / marta
वृजिनाwrongs / crooked deeds
वृजिना:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृजिन (प्रातिपदिक) / vṛjina
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
पश्यन्seeing / beholding
पश्यन्:
Kartā
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√पश् (पश्यति) / paś
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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