Shloka 10

इन्द्रजित्-हनूमद्-युद्धं तथा निकुम्भिलायां होमः

Indrajit vs Hanuman; Indrajit’s Nikumbhila rite

Devanagari script

तामापतन्तींदृष्टवैवरथस्सारथिनातदा ।विधेयाश्वसमायुक्तोविदूरमपवाहितः ।।।।

Transliteration

tām āpatantīṃ dṛṣṭvaiva rathaḥ sārathinā tadā |

vidheyāśvasamāyukto vidūram apavāhitaḥ ||

Translation

Bấy giờ, vừa thấy vật ấy lao tới, cỗ chiến xa—buộc những tuấn mã thuần phục—liền được người đánh xe thúc đi thật xa, mau chóng tránh khỏi.

Word by Word

• ताम्: her/that (rock)
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun (that/her)

• आपतन्तीम्: falling/descending
• आपतन्तीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आपत् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; active present participle qualifying ताम्

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Hetu/पूर्वकर्म (cause/preceding action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund): having seen

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• रथः: the chariot
• रथः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सारथिना: by the charioteer
• सारथिना: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/सह), एकवचन; instrumental: by the charioteer

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• विधेयाश्वसमायुक्तः: yoked with obedient horses
• विधेयाश्वसमायुक्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विधेय (प्रातिपदिक) + अश्व (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्-युज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: समास: विधेयाश्वैः समायुक्तः (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) used adjectivally; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; qualifying रथः

• विदूरम्: far away
• विदूरम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विदूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण नपुंसकलिङ्ग-द्वितीया-एकवचन (adverbial accusative): far away

• अपवाहितः: was driven away
• अपवाहितः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप-वाह् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; finite sense: was driven away/was carried off (passive nuance)

Context

Then seeing that rock coming towards the chariot yoked to obedient horses, the chariot rider drove it to a long distance.

Characters & Entities

• Chariot (ratha)
• Charioteer (sārathi)
• Horses (aśva)
• Indrajit (contextual)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Skill and alertness in battle are portrayed as practical disciplines; dharma in war includes vigilance and competent action, though the broader episode critiques deception as a motive.

What is the narrative situation?

A hurled rock/missile rushes toward the chariot; the charioteer reacts instantly and steers away to safety.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Presence of mind and agility (kṣipratā) in a crisis.