Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 83

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सुप्तमुत्थाप्यभीमाक्षंभीमरूपपराक्रमम् ।राक्षसास्त्वरिताजुग्मर्दशग्रीन्विवेशनम् ।।।।

Transliteration

suptam utthāpya bhīmākṣaṃ bhīma-rūpa-parākramam |

rākṣasās tvaritā jagmur daśagrīva-niveśanam ||

Translation

Đánh thức Kumbhakarṇa đang ngủ—mắt dữ, hình tướng và dũng lực đều đáng sợ—các rākṣasa vội vã kéo đến dinh thất của Daśagrīva.

Word by Word

• suptam: the sleeping (one)
• suptam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: svap (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-कृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; object of utthāpya; ‘sleeping (one)’

• utthāpya: having awakened
• utthāpya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud + sthā (धातु) + ṇic (णिच्) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: ल्यबन्त-अव्ययकृदन्तः; causative sense ‘having awakened/raised’

• bhīmākṣam: the frightful-eyed one
• bhīmākṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhīma (प्रातिपदिक) + akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; कर्मधारयः ‘भीमम् अक्षि यस्य’ as epithet; object of utthāpya

• bhīma-rūpa-parākramam: terrible in form and prowess
• bhīma-rūpa-parākramam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhīma (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक) + parākrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुष-समासः (श्रृङ्खला): ‘भीमं रूपं च पराक्रमश्च यस्य’ (sense: terrible in form and valour); qualifies bhīmākṣam

• rākṣasāḥ: the rakshasas
• rākṣasāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्

• tvaritāḥ: quickly/hurried
• tvaritāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tvarita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; past participial adjective ‘hurried’

• jagmuḥ: went
• jagmuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; parasmaipada

• daśagrīva-niveśanam: the abode of Dashagriva (Ravana)
• daśagrīva-niveśanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśagrīva (प्रातिपदिक) + niveśana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘दशग्रीवस्य निवेशनम्’

Context

After rousing up Kumbhakarna of frightful eyes and fierce strength from sleep the Rakshasas quickly went to the abode of the ten headed king.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas
• Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Collective responsibility: attendants act swiftly to carry out the king’s needs, reflecting disciplined service (though in a morally conflicted cause).

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa is awakened and preparations accelerate as messengers proceed to Rāvaṇa’s abode.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Efficiency and obedience in service—swift execution of orders.