Shloka 45

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

Devanagari script

तेवध्यमानाःपतिताःप्रवीरानानद्यमानाभयशल्यविद्धाः ।शाखामृगारावणसायकार्ताजग्मुश्शरण्यंशरणंस्मरामम् ।।6.59.45।।

Transliteration

te vadhyamānāḥ patitāḥ pravīrā nānadyamānā bhayaśalyaviddhāḥ |

śākhāmṛgā rāvaṇasāyakārtā jagmuḥ śaraṇyaṃ śaraṇaṃ sma rāmam ||6.59.45||

Translation

Bị đánh gục và ngã xuống, những dũng sĩ bậc nhất ấy kêu thét, bị mũi lao của nỗi sợ đâm thấu. Bầy khỉ khổ sở vì tên của Rāvaṇa liền chạy đến nương tựa nơi Rāma—Đấng đáng làm nơi quy y, Đấng ban sự che chở.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• वध्यमानाः: being struck
• वध्यमानाः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वध् (धातु) → वध्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Present passive participle (शानच्/PPPresPass), Masculine, Nominative Plural; 'being struck/killed'

• पतिताः: fallen
• पतिताः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत् (धातु) → पतित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/PPP used in sense of fallen), Masculine, Nominative Plural

• प्रवीराः: heroes
• प्रवीराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रवीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); apposition to ते

• नानद्यमानाः: crying aloud
• नानद्यमानाः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नद् (धातु) → नानद्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Present middle participle (शानच्/आत्मनेपद), Masculine, Nominative Plural; intensive/onomatopoetic sense 'crying out'

• भयशल्यविद्धाः: pierced by fear like a dart
• भयशल्यविद्धाः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भय + शल्य + विध् (धातु) → विद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Plural; compound: भय-शल्येन विद्धाः (pierced by the dart of fear)

• शाखामृगाः: monkeys
• शाखामृगाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाखा + मृग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Plural; कर्मधारयः: शाखासु मृगाः (tree-dwelling monkeys)

• रावणसायकार्ताः: distressed by Ravana's arrows
• रावणसायकार्ताः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रावण + सायक + आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Plural; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: रावणस्य सायकैः आर्ताः (distressed by Rāvaṇa's arrows)

• जग्मुः: went
• जग्मुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Plural; Parasmaipada

• शरण्यम्: the protector/refuge
• शरण्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; used substantively 'the refuge-worthy one'

• शरणम्: for refuge
• शरणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; adverbial object with गम्

• स्म: indeed/then (narrative particle)
• स्म: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya particle (निपात), often with perfect to mark narration/emphasis

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular

Context

Those monkeys struck and fallen by the piercing of arrows shrieking went to seek refuge from Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Rāvaṇa
• Vānaras (Śākhāmṛga)
• arrows (sāyaka)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Śaraṇāgati aligned with dharma: in crisis, one turns to a righteous protector; Rāma is portrayed as ‘śaraṇya’—the morally fit refuge for the distressed.

What is the narrative situation?

After suffering severe arrow-wounds and panic, the vānaras withdraw toward Rāma, seeking safety and guidance.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s protective kingship—his reliability as a refuge for allies, which is central to dharmic leadership.