Shloka 77

दुन्दुभिवधप्रसङ्गः

The Dundubhi Episode and the Proof of Rama’s Prowess

Devanagari script

उद्विग्नश्शङ्कितश्चापि विचरामि महावने।अनुरक्तैः सहामात्यैर्हनुमत्प्रमुखैर्वरैः4.11.77।।

Transliteration

udvignaḥ śaṅkitaś cāpi vicarāmi mahāvane |

anuraktaiḥ sahāmātyair hanumat-pramukhair varaiḥ || 4.11.77 ||

Translation

Bồn chồn và nghi sợ, ta lang thang trong đại lâm này, cùng các đại thần trung thành—những bậc ưu tú do Ha-nu-mān dẫn đầu.

Word by Word

• udvignaḥ: agitated
• udvignaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udvigna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √vij/√vid? here √vij ‘to tremble’ via ud+vij)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)

• śaṅkitaḥ: apprehensive
• śaṅkitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śaṅkita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √śaṅk धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्ययम्

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; ‘also/even’

• vicarāmi: I roam
• vicarāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + car (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपदम्, उत्तमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• mahāvane: in the great forest
• mahāvane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचनम्; कर्मधारयः (mahac ca tad vanaṃ)

• anuraktaiḥ: with devoted (ones)
• anuraktaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/सह)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anurakta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; anu+√rañj धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; ‘devoted’

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-योगे अव्ययम् (preposition-like indeclinable)

• amātyaiḥ: ministers
• amātyaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amātya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचनम्

• hanumatpramukhaiḥ: with Hanuman as leader
• hanumatpramukhaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hanumat + pramukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (hanumān pramukhaḥ yeṣām)

• varaiḥ: excellent (ones)
• varaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifier)

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva
• Hanuman
• Rishyamuka
• Forest (Mahavana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma values faithful companionship and righteous service: loyal aides support a vulnerable leader, showing duty (sevā) even in adversity.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugriva describes his anxious life in exile—moving through the forest with his trusted ministers, especially Hanumān.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Loyalty and steadfast service, embodied by Hanumān and the devoted ministers.