Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 65, Shloka 38

विश्वामित्रस्य ब्राह्मर्षित्वप्राप्तिः

Viśvāmitra Attains Brahmarṣi Status

Devanagari script

एवमुक्त्वा मुनिश्रेष्ठं वैदेहो मिथिलाधिप:।।।।प्रदक्षिणं चकाराशु सोपाध्यायस्सबान्धव:।

Transliteration

evam uktvā muniśreṣṭhaṃ vaideho mithilādhipaḥ |

pradakṣiṇaṃ cakārāśu sopādhyāyaḥ sabāndhavaḥ ||

Translation

Nói như thế với bậc thánh hiền tối thượng, Janaka—vua xứ Videha, chúa tể Mithilā—liền mau chóng làm lễ nhiễu quanh Viśvāmitra theo chiều phải, cùng với các thầy và thân tộc đi theo.

Word by Word

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Manner adverb

• uktvā: having spoken
• uktvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vac (धातु) > uktvā (कृदन्त, क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा): ‘having spoken’

• muniśreṣṭham: the best of sages
• muniśreṣṭham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक) + śreṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी: munīnām śreṣṭhaḥ); Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• vaidehaḥ: the king of Videha
• vaidehaḥ: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaideha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• mithilādhipaḥ: lord of Mithilā
• mithilādhipaḥ: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mithilā (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी: mithilāyāḥ adhipaḥ); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; apposition to vaidehaḥ

• pradakṣiṇam: circumambulation
• pradakṣiṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pradakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; object of cakāra

• cakāra: did / performed
• cakāra: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect/लिट्), Prathamapuruṣa, Ekavacana, Parasmaipada

• āśu: quickly
• āśu: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: āśu (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (kāla/prakāra)

• sa-upādhyāyaḥ: with his preceptors
• sa-upādhyāyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (अव्यय/उपसर्ग-सदृश) + upādhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi: ‘one who has (his) teachers with him’; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifies vaidehaḥ

• sa-bāndhavaḥ: with relatives
• sa-bāndhavaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (अव्यय) + bāndhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi: ‘one who has relatives with him’; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

Context

Having thus addressed the greatest sage, king of Videha, Lord of the city of Mithila (Janaka) accompanied by his king and spiritual preceptors circumambulated Viswamitra without delay.

Characters & Entities

• Janaka (Vaideha)
• Mithilā
• Viśvāmitra

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is expressed as reverence to realized sages and teachers: Janaka honors spiritual authority through pradakṣiṇā, modeling humility and right conduct toward those who uphold tapas and truth.

What is the narrative situation?

After addressing Viśvāmitra, King Janaka formally shows respect by circumambulating him, accompanied by his preceptors and relatives.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Janaka’s humility and dhārmic courtesy (maryādā)—a king’s readiness to honor a sage despite royal status.