Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 11

गङ्गावतरणम्

The Descent of the Gaṅgā and Bhagiratha’s Fulfilment

Devanagari script

तस्यां विसृज्यमानायां सप्तस्रोतांसि जज्ञिरे।।।।ह्लादिनी पावनी चैव नलिनी च तथाऽपरा।तिस्र: प्राचीं दिशं जग्मु: गङ्गाश्शिवजलाश्शुभा:।।।।

Transliteration

tasyāṃ visṛjyamānāyāṃ saptasrotāṃsi jajñire |

hlādinī pāvanī caiva nalinī ca tathā 'parā |

tisraḥ prācīṃ diśaṃ jagmur gaṅgāḥ śivajalāḥ śubhāḥ || 1.43.11–12 ||

Translation

Khi Gaṅgā được thả xuống, bảy dòng nước liền sinh khởi. Trong đó, ba dòng cát tường—Hlādinī, Pāvanī và Nalinī—chảy về phương Đông, mang theo thánh thủy của Śiva.

Word by Word

• तस्याम्: in her/therein (in that Gaṅgā)
• तस्याम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम-रूपम्

• विसृज्यमानायाम्: while (she was) being released
• विसृज्यमानायाम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि+सृज् (धातु) + शानच् (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि-प्रयोगे शानच्-प्रत्ययान्तः (Present passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्गे, सप्तमी, एकवचनम्; तस्याम् इति विशेषणम्

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्त (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्या-विशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचनम् (स्रोतांसि इति विशेषणम्)

• स्रोतांसि: streams
• स्रोतांसि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्रोतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), बहुवचनम्

• जज्ञिरे: were born/arose
• जज्ञिरे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम्

Context

As she (Ganga) was released, she branched out into seven streams. Three streamsknown as Hladini, Pavani and Nalini having auspicious waters and conferring prosperity flowed eastwards.

Characters & Entities

• Gaṅgā
• Śiva (Hara)
• Hlādinī
• Nalinī

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Purification and welfare are portrayed as dharmic outcomes: sacred waters become channels for cleansing and prosperity across the land.

What is the narrative situation?

Upon Śiva’s release of Gaṅgā, she divides into multiple streams; the text names three that flow eastward.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The verse emphasizes sacred beneficence rather than a single person’s trait—Gaṅgā as a dharmic instrument of purification, enabled by Bhagīratha’s resolve.