Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 61

श्रीमद्रामायणकथासङ्क्षेपः / The Ramayana in Synopsis

Narada’s Summary to Valmiki

Devanagari script

ततो वानरराजेन वैरानुकथनं प्रति ।।।।रामायावेदितं सर्वं प्रणयाद्दु:खितेन च ।

Transliteration

tato vānararājena vairānukathanaṃ prati | rāmāyāveditaṃ sarvaṃ praṇayād duḥkhitena ca ||

Translation

Bấy giờ, vương của loài vượn, vì tình nghĩa mà lòng vẫn sầu đau, đem toàn bộ chuyện thù oán của mình (với Vālī) kính cẩn tâu rõ cùng Rāma.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: thereafter
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) (temporal locus)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) = 'thereafter/then'

• vānararājena: by the king of monkeys (Sugrīva)
• vānararājena: Karta (कर्ता) (agent in passive construction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānararāja (प्रातिपदिक) = vānara + rāja
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana (singular); tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘vānarāṇāṃ rājā’

• vairānukathanam: the narration of enmity/hostility
• vairānukathanam: Karma (कर्म) (object with prati)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vairānukathana (प्रातिपदिक) = vaira + anukathana
• Form: Napुंसकliṅga (neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘vairasya anukathanam’

• prati: about / concerning
• prati: Karma-pravacanīya (कर्मप्रवचनीय) (relation-marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prati (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), preposition-like particle (उपसर्गसदृश/निपात) governing accusative = 'towards/about'

• rāmāya: to Rāma
• rāmāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान) (recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Caturthī vibhakti (Dative/4th), Ekavacana

• āveditam: was communicated / was reported
• āveditam: Kriyā (क्रिया) (main predicate, passive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√vid (विद्) + ktá (क्त) → āvedita (कृदन्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), Napuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā Ekavacana agreeing with 'sarvam'; sense: 'was communicated/informed'

• sarvam: all / entirely
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म) (thing communicated)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā (Nom/Acc), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of implied 'vṛttāntam' / agreeing with āveditam

• praṇayāt: out of friendship/affection
• praṇayāt: Hetu (हेतु) (cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: praṇaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Pañcamī vibhakti (Ablative/5th), Ekavacana; hetu-artha (cause) = 'out of affection/friendship'

• duḥkhitena: by the sorrowful one
• duḥkhitena: Karta (कर्ता) (agent qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक; PPP from √khi(d) / √kha? used adjectivally) (कृदन्तवत्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of 'vānararājena'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक निपात) = 'and/also'

Context

Thereafter Sugriva, king of monkeys filled with sorrow narrated to Rama out of friendship the entire account of his hostilities (with Vali).

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāma
• Vālī

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya within friendship: Sugrīva shares his painful truth to seek just resolution, showing that dharmic alliances depend on honest disclosure even when it is emotionally difficult.

What is the narrative situation?

With friendship established, Sugrīva explains to Rāma the background of his feud with Vālī.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s candor and vulnerability—trusting a friend with his sorrow and history to pursue rightful remedy.