Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.11 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 11

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

भरतं प्रत्युवाचेदं कौसल्या भृशदुःखिता।।2.75.10।।इदं ते राज्यकामस्य राज्यं प्राप्तमकण्टकम्।संप्राप्तं बत कैकेय्या शशीघ्रं क्रूरेण कर्मणा।।2.75.11।।

Transliteration

bharataṃ pratyuvācedaṃ kausalyā bhṛśaduḥkhitā ||2.75.10||

idaṃ te rājyakāmasya rājyaṃ prāptam akaṇṭakam |

saṃprāptaṃ bata kaikeyyā śaśīghraṃ krūreṇa karmaṇā ||2.75.11||

Translation

Kauśalyā, lòng đau đớn khôn cùng, nói với Bharata: “Đây là vương quốc mà con ham muốn—nay đã đạt được, không còn chướng ngại. Ôi thay, Kaikeyī đã vội vàng đoạt lấy cho con bằng một hành vi tàn nhẫn.”

Word by Word

• idam: this
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अत्र कर्मपदं (object)

• te: to you
• te: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (Dative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• rājya-kāmasya: of (one) desiring the kingdom
• rājya-kāmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya+kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन; (राज्यकाम = kingdom-desiring person)

• rājyam: kingdom
• rājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अत्र कर्मपदं

• prāptam: obtained
• prāptam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√āp (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थ (has been obtained)

• akaṇṭakam: without obstacles
• akaṇṭakam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a+kaṇṭaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (unobstructed)

• saṃprāptam: fully secured
• saṃprāptam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-pra-√āp (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; (fully secured)

• bata: alas
• bata: Prayojaka-nipāta (निपात-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bata (अव्यय)
• Form: विस्मय/खेद-निपात (exclamatory particle)

• kaikeyyā: by Kaikeyi
• kaikeyyā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन

• śaśīghram: very quickly
• śaśīghram: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śaśīghra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial usage), ‘very quickly’

• krūreṇa: cruel
• krūreṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying karmaṇā)

• karmaṇā: by an act/deed
• karmaṇā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

Context

Looking at Bharata, the deeply afflicted Kausalya said, The kingdom which you had desired has been acquired without any obstacle. Alas Kaikeyi had quickly secured it for you through her crooked act.

Characters & Entities

• Kauśalyā
• Bharata
• Kaikeyī
• Rājya (kingdom)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma evaluates not only outcomes (a kingdom obtained) but the means (cruelty and deceit), condemning power secured through adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

This verse repeats/overlaps the prior statement in the Southern Recension presentation; Kauśalyā’s accusation toward Bharata is reiterated.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral discernment: Kauśalyā distinguishes rightful rule from rule achieved through wrongful action.