Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 58, Shloka 19

अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 58)

Daśaratha Questions Sumantra; Messages from the Forest Threshold

Devanagari script

अभिमानं च मानं च त्यक्त्वा वर्तस्व मातृषु।अनु राजानमार्यां च कैकेयीमम्ब कारय।।।।

Transliteration

abhimānaṁ ca mānaṁ ca tyaktvā vartasva mātṛṣu |

anu rājānam āryāṁ ca kaikeyīm amba kāraya ||

Translation

Hãy gạt bỏ ngã mạn và kiêu hãnh, mà sống hòa thuận với các hoàng hậu khác như với những bậc mẫu thân. Và, hỡi mẹ, hãy khuyên nhủ phu nhân đáng kính Kaikeyī giữ lòng thuận hòa đối với đức vua.

Word by Word

• abhimānam: conceit/egoism
• abhimānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: abhimāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग

• ca: and
• ca: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय

• mānam: pride/self-respect
• mānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग

• ca: and
• ca: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय

• tyaktvā: having abandoned
• tyaktvā: Purvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tyaj (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• vartasva: conduct yourself
• vartasva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛt (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), आत्मनेपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

• mātṛṣu: towards/among the mothers
• mātṛṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (Locative, case 7), बहुवचन (plural), स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• anu: in accordance with/after
• anu: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anu (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्ग/अव्यय (preverb/adverb), here: ‘in accordance with/after’

• rājānam: the king
• rājānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग

• āryām: noble/venerable
• āryām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग; विशेषण to kaikeyīm

• ca: and
• ca: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय

• kaikeyīm: Kaikeyī
• kaikeyīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• amba: O mother
• amba: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ambā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सम्बोधन, एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• kāraya: cause (her) to act/keep (her) well-disposed
• kāraya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), णिच् (causative) भावः, परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

Then the charioteer with folded palms approached the king who, deeply afflicted with grief and pain, was brooding over Rama alone. Aged Dasaratha was heaving deep sighs like a newlycaptured, indisposed elephant.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Kauśalyā
• Kaikeyī
• Daśaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as restraint and reconciliation: abandoning pride and ego is presented as necessary for maintaining family order and protecting the king’s welfare, even with those who caused harm.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma instructs Kauśalyā on how to behave toward the other queens and specifically how to handle Kaikeyī in relation to Daśaratha.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s magnanimity and commitment to household harmony are emphasized, urging forgiveness and disciplined conduct.