Valmiki Ramayana 2.113.23 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 113, Shloka 23

पादुकाप्रदानं भरतस्य निवृत्तिश्च

The Sandals Bestowed; Bharata’s Return Toward Ayodhya

Devanagari script

अयोध्यां च ततो दृष्ट्वा पित्रा भ्रात्रा विवर्जिताम्।भरतो दुःख सन्तप्त स्सारथिं चेदमब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

ayodhyāṃ ca tato dṛṣṭvā pitrā bhrātrā vivarjitām | bharato duḥkhasantaptaḥ sārathiṃ cedam abravīt ||

Translation

Rồi khi nhìn thấy Ayodhyā vắng bóng phụ vương và các huynh đệ, Bharata, lòng bị nỗi khổ thiêu đốt, liền nói với người đánh xe những lời này.

Word by Word

• ayodhyām: Ayodhyā
• ayodhyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ayodhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-निपात)

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (काल-अव्यय)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), ‘having seen’

• pitrā: by (his) father
• pitrā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhrātrā: by (his) brother
• bhrātrā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vivarjitām: deprived/deserted
• vivarjitām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-varj (विवर्ज् धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying ayodhyām; sense: ‘deprived of’ with instrumental

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• duḥkhasantaptaḥ: afflicted with grief
• duḥkhasantaptaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha + santapta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष: ‘tormented by grief’), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying bharataḥ

• sārathim: to the charioteer
• sārathim: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sārathi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-निपात)

• idam: this (speech)
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (ब्रू धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Context

Not far from Chitrakuta mountain, Bharata beheld a hermitage where sage Bharadwaja resided.

Characters & Entities

• Ayodhyā
• Bharata
• Daśaratha (implied by 'father')
• charioteer (sārathi)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes truthful recognition of loss: Bharata does not deny the kingdom’s emptiness without its rightful figures; grief becomes a moral awareness of rupture in order.

What is the narrative situation?

Ayodhyā comes into sight; Bharata notices the city’s desolation after Daśaratha’s death and Rāma’s absence, and begins speaking to his charioteer.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sensitivity and integrity—Bharata’s sorrow reflects loyalty and an inner refusal to treat the throne as a mere prize.