Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 106, Shloka 15

भरतवाक्यं—रामस्य पुनरायोध्यागमननिषेधः

Bharata’s Plea and Rama’s Refusal to Return

Devanagari script

पितुर्हि समतिक्रान्तं पुत्रो यस्साधु मन्यते।तदपत्यं मतं लोके विपरीतमतोऽन्यथा।।।।

Transliteration

pitur hi samatikrāntaṃ putro yaḥ sādhu manyate |

tad apatyaṃ mataṃ loke viparītam ato 'nyathā ||

Translation

Người con nào cho rằng lỗi lầm của cha là ‘đúng’, thì trong đời chẳng được xem là con chân thật; bằng không, người ấy hóa thành điều trái ngược với đạo làm con.

Word by Word

• पितुः: of (one's) father
• पितुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग (genitive singular, masculine)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अव्यय; emphasis/indeed

• समतिक्रान्तम्: (what is) transgressed/overstepped
• समतिक्रान्तम्: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्+अति+क्रम् (धातु) → समतिक्रान्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; ‘transgressed’

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग (nominative singular, masculine)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग (relative pronoun, nominative singular)

• साधु: as right / properly
• साधु: Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण/adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साधु (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverbial use)

• मन्यते: thinks/considers
• मन्यते: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/modifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (demonstrative ‘that’, agreeing with अपत्यम्)

• अपत्यम्: offspring/son
• अपत्यम्: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (nominative singular, neuter)

• मतम्: is considered
• मतम्: Kriya (क्रिया/predicative complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मन् (धातु) → मत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ‘considered’

• लोके: in the world
• लोके: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग (locative singular)

• विपरीतम्: perverse/reversed
• विपरीतम्: Kriya (क्रिया/predicative complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विपरीत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-निष्पन्न)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (predicative adjective agreeing with अपत्यम्/मतम् sense)

• अतः: therefore/for that reason
• अतः: Hetu (हेतु/cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (causal adverb)

• अन्यथा: otherwise
• अन्यथा: Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण/adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

Context

One who sets right the wrongs done by his father is a true son. Otherwise the son becomes just the opposite. (He is not a son to the father).

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rama
• Dasaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

True filial duty is not blind approval: dharma demands moral discernment, even regarding a parent’s actions.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata argues that Rama should not validate the flawed outcome by remaining in exile; instead, righteousness requires correcting the transgression.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral courage and principled loyalty: honoring a father includes preventing his legacy from being stained by injustice.