Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 13

Śikṣā-nirūpaṇa (Exposition of Discipline): Son’s Marriage, Paternal Duty, and Royal Administration

पित्रा कारयितव्यो हि विवाहो धर्ममिच्छता । यो न दारैश्च वित्तैश्च पुत्रान्संयोजयेत्पिता ॥ १३ ॥

pitrā kārayitavyo hi vivāho dharmamicchatā | yo na dāraiśca vittaiśca putrānsaṃyojayetpitā || 13 ||

Người cha mong cầu dharma hẳn phải cử hành hôn lễ cho con trai. Người cha nào không kết duyên cho các con với hiền thê và không trao phương tiện sinh sống (tài sản), thì đã thiếu trọn bổn phận làm cha.

pitrāby the father
pitrā:
Karta (कर्ता; agent in passive construction)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular
kārayitavyaḥmust be arranged/performed
kārayitavyaḥ:
Kriyā (predicate of obligation)
TypeVerb
Rootkārayitavya (√kṛ, णिच् causative + तव्यत् कृदन्त)
FormGerundive/Obligatory participle (तव्यत्), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; passive necessity: ‘must be caused to be done’
hiindeed
hi:
Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable particle (निश्चय/हेतु)
vivāhaḥthe marriage
vivāhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; subject of kārayitavyaḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootvivāha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
dharmamdharma / righteousness
dharmam:
Karma (कर्म; object of icchatā)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
icchatāby (one) desiring
icchatā:
Karta (कर्ता; qualifier of pitrā)
TypeVerb
Rooticchat (√iṣ, शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular, Masculine/Neuter; ‘by one desiring’ (i.e., the father who desires)
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; of saṃyojayet)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; relative pronoun
nanot
na:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
dāraiḥwith wives / with marriage alliances
dāraiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण; means)
TypeNoun
Rootdāra (प्रातिपदिक; pluralia tantum)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural
caand
ca:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
vittaiḥwith wealth
vittaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण; means)
TypeNoun
Rootvitta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural
caand
ca:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
putrānsons
putrān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural
saṃyojayetshould unite/arrange (in marriage)
saṃyojayet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsaṃyojaya (धातु √yuj with sam-, णिच् causative)
FormVidhiliṅ (Optative/विधिलिङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada; causative: ‘should unite/arrange (in marriage)’
pitāthe father
pitā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; in apposition to yaḥ

Narada (teaching in the Uttara-Bhaga narrative tradition)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

FAQs

It frames marriage (vivāha) as a dharmic saṁskāra and teaches that a father participates in sustaining dharma by ensuring the next generation is properly established in household life and responsibility.

By grounding bhakti in dharma: orderly household life and properly performed saṁskāras support steady worship and vrata-observance, making devotion stable rather than chaotic.

Kalpa (ritual procedure) is implied through vivāha-saṁskāra performance, and Jyotiṣa is commonly applied in selecting auspicious timings (muhūrta) for marriage within dharmic practice.