Prāyaścitta for Mahāpātakas and the Sin-destroying Power of Viṣṇu-smaraṇa
चांद्रायणत्रयं प्रोक्तं शूद्रोच्छिष्टस्य भोजने । रजस्वलां च चांडालं महापातकिनं तथा ॥ ८३ ॥
cāṃdrāyaṇatrayaṃ proktaṃ śūdrocchiṣṭasya bhojane | rajasvalāṃ ca cāṃḍālaṃ mahāpātakinaṃ tathā || 83 ||
Kinh dạy rằng: ba lần hành trì Cāndrāyaṇa là phép sám hối cho việc ăn đồ thừa của người Śūdra. Cũng cùng phép ấy áp dụng trong trường hợp liên hệ đến người nữ đang hành kinh, kẻ Cāṇḍāla, và kẻ phạm trọng tội (mahāpātakin).
Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada on dharma and prāyaścitta)
Vrata: Cāndrāyaṇa-vrata (three times)
Primary Rasa: bhayanaka
Secondary Rasa: shanta
The verse frames purification as a disciplined vrata (Cāndrāyaṇa) that restores ritual and ethical order after acts considered polluting, emphasizing self-restraint and corrective practice rather than mere condemnation.
While not directly teaching bhakti, it supports a bhakti-oriented life by prescribing inner and outer cleanliness and regulated conduct—seen as supportive disciplines (aṅgas) for sustained worship and sādhana.
It highlights ritual practice and calendrical discipline: Cāndrāyaṇa is a lunar-based penance tied to tithi/phase regulation, aligning observance with traditional time-reckoning used in Vedic ritual contexts.