Shloka 36

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

ततः सा कथयामास यथावृत्तं विवस्वतः ।

विदितार्थश्च भगवान् जगाम त्वष्टुरालयम् ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ sā kathayāmāsa yathāvṛttaṃ vivasvataḥ / viditārthaś ca bhagavān jagāma tvaṣṭur ālayam

Translation

Rồi nàng kể cho Vivasvat mọi điều đúng như đã xảy ra. Và Đấng Thế Tôn (Sūrya), hiểu rõ sự việc, liền đi đến nơi cư ngụ của Tvaṣṭṛ.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/अनन्तर-अव्यय (then)

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• kathayāmāsa: told
• kathayāmāsa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kath (कथ्-धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Periphrastic perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘told/related’

• yathā-vṛttam: the whole account as it occurred
• yathā-vṛttam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + vṛtta (वृत्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘as it happened’

• vivasvataḥ: of Vivasvat
• vivasvataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vivasvat (विवस्वत्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• vidita-arthaḥ: knowing the matter
• vidita-arthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vidita (विदित, √vid धातु, क्त) + artha (अर्थ-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (कर्मधारयवत्/विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘whose matter is known’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• bhagavān: the Lord
• bhagavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhagavat (भगवत्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• jagāma: went
• jagāma: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (गम्-धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• tvaṣṭuḥ-ālayam: to Tvaṣṭṛ’s abode
• tvaṣṭuḥ-ālayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvaṣṭṛ (त्वष्टृ-प्रातिपदिक) + ālaya (आलय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice (reported actions of Saṃjñā and Sūrya)

Primary Deities

• Sūrya
• Saṃjñā
• Tvaṣṭṛ/Viśvakarman

Key Themes

• Reconciliation attempt
• Seeking skilled mediation
• Divine artisan as problem-solver

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

When power creates suffering, the remedy is not domination but skilled mediation and corrective action by one competent to ‘reform’ the situation.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara/vaṃśa narration: it advances the divine-family history connected with Vaivasvata lines.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘artisan’s abode’ indicates transformation through saṃskāra—refinement of raw power (tejas) into life-sustaining radiance.