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Shloka 35

Adhyaya 77Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

इत्थं विवस्वतः सा तु बहुशः पृच्छतो यदा ।

नाचचक्षे ततो क्रुद्धो भास्वांस्तां शप्तुमुद्यतः ॥

itthaṃ vivasvataḥ sā tu bahuśaḥ pṛcchato yadā / nācacakṣe tato kruddho bhāsvāṃs tāṃ śaptum udyataḥ

Vì vậy, khi Vivasvat hỏi nàng hết lần này đến lần khác, nàng vẫn không bày tỏ (sự thật). Bấy giờ đấng rực sáng (Sūrya), nổi giận, toan giáng lời nguyền lên nàng.

itthamthus
ittham:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootittham (अव्यय)
Formरीति-अव्यय (adverb of manner)
vivasvataḥof Vivasvat (the Sun)
vivasvataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootvivasvat (विवस्वत्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
she
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण/विरोध-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
bahuśaḥmany times
bahuśaḥ:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbahuśas (अव्यय)
Formआवृत्ति-अव्यय (adverb: repeatedly)
pṛcchataḥof (him) asking
pṛcchataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive absolute-like)
TypeVerb
Rootprach (प्रच्छ्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त-शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘(his) asking’
yadāwhen
yadā:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal conjunction: when)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
ācacakṣeshe did not tell
ācacakṣe:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootcakṣ (चक्ष्-धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘आचचक्षे’ = told/declared
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formततः-शब्दः (adverb: then/from that)
kruddhaḥangry
kruddhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrudh (क्रुध्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त-क्त (past participle used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
bhāsvānBhāsvān (the Sun)
bhāsvān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāsvat (भास्वत्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेष-नाम (the radiant one = Sun)
tāmher
tām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन
śaptumto curse
śaptum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Infinitive purpose)
TypeVerb
Rootśap (शप्-धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), ‘to curse’
udyataḥready/intending
udyataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootud-yam (उद्+यम्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त-क्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘उद्यत’ = ready/raised/intending
Narrative voice (reported reaction of Sūrya)
Sūrya (Vivasvat/Bhāsvān)Saṃjñā
Concealment vs disclosureAnger and restraintCurse as narrative mechanism

FAQs

Repeated evasion corrodes trust and invites harsh speech or punitive action; dharma recommends timely clarity to prevent escalation.

Manvantara/vaṃśa narrative device: the śāpa-threat propels the plot toward a cosmic adjustment (later ‘shaving’ of tejas).

Sūrya’s ‘curse-readiness’ symbolizes unchecked tejas (radiant power) becoming destructive when not moderated by sattvic communication.