Shloka 4

Adhyaya 73 — The Uttama Manvantara: Classes of Devas, Indra Sushanti, and the Royal Lineage

Sanskrit

प्रतर्दनाख्यश्च गणो देवानां मुनिसत्तम ।

चतुर्थस्तत्र कथित औत्तमस्यान्तरे मनोः ॥

Transliteration

pratardanākhyaś ca gaṇo devānāṃ munisattama / caturthas tatra kathita auttamasyāntare manoḥ

Translation

Lại nữa, hỡi bậc hiền triết tối thượng, một nhóm chư thiên mang danh Pratardanas được nêu là nhóm thứ tư trong thời kỳ Auttama của Manu.

Word by Word

• pratardana-ākhyaḥ: named Pratardana
• pratardana-ākhyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pratardana + ākhya (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘named Pratardana’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• gaṇaḥ: group/host
• gaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• devānām: of the gods
• devānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural

• muni-sattama: O best of sages
• muni-sattama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni + sattama (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th), Singular

• caturthaḥ: fourth
• caturthaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: caturtha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ordinal; agrees with gaṇaḥ (understood)

• tatra: there/in that context
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb of place (देशवाचक)

• kathitaḥ: is said/declared
• kathitaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kath (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicative ‘is said/declared’

• auttamasya: of Auttama
• auttamasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: auttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular

• antare: in/during (the period)
• antare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: antara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th), Singular; ‘within/during’

• manoḥ: of Manu
• manoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (continuing enumeration)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara
• Deva classifications

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purāṇic cosmology emphasizes ordered plurality: many divine functions operate in coordinated ‘groups’ rather than as a single monolithic power.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: part of the standard listing of deva groups for a given Manu.

What is the esoteric significance?

A ‘gaṇa’ suggests a structured set of forces. The sequence of groups can be contemplated as successive layers of cosmic function unfolding within an epoch.