Shloka 3

Adhyaya 73 — The Uttama Manvantara: Classes of Devas, Indra Sushanti, and the Royal Lineage

Sanskrit

तृतीये तु गणॆ देवाः शिवाख्या मुनिसत्तम ।

शिवाः स्वरूपतस्ते तु श्रुताः पापप्रणाशनाः ॥

Transliteration

tṛtīye tu gaṇe devāḥ śivākhyā munisattama / śivāḥ svarūpatas te tu śrutāḥ pāpapraṇāśanāḥ

Translation

Ở nhóm thứ ba, hỡi bậc hiền triết tối thượng, chư thiên được gọi là Śivākhyas. Tự bản tính họ vốn cát tường, và được truyền tụng là những vị diệt trừ tội lỗi.

Word by Word

• tṛtīye: in the third
• tṛtīye: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tṛtīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular; agrees with gaṇe

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (निपात) indicating contrast/emphasis

• gaṇe: in the group
• gaṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular

• devāḥ: the gods
• devāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural

• śiva-ākhyāḥ: called Śiva
• śiva-ākhyāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śiva + ākhya (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; ‘named Śiva’

• muni-sattama: O best of sages
• muni-sattama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni + sattama (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; address

• śivāḥ: auspicious/Śiva-like
• śivāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural

• svarūpataḥ: by nature/in form
• svarūpataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sva-rūpa (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तसिल्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; ablatival adverb (तसिलन्त) meaning ‘by nature/in form’

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; pronoun

• tu: indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle

• śrutāḥ: are known/are heard of
• śrutāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; used predicatively ‘are heard/are known’

• pāpa-praṇāśanāḥ: destroyers of sin
• pāpa-praṇāśanāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pāpa + praṇāśana (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; ‘destroyers of sin’

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya addressing a sage (munisattama)

Primary Deities

• Śiva (as an epithet/class-name; not necessarily the deity acting here)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara
• Deva classifications
• Sin-destruction (pāpa-kṣaya)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Auspiciousness (śiva) is treated as an active purifying force: alignment with beneficence is itself ‘sin-destroying’ in consequence and orientation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: another component of the standard manvantara roster—classification of devas.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Śiva by nature’ points to intrinsic sattva: when the mind rests in auspicious clarity, pāpa (binding tendency) is said to be dissolved.