Shloka 15

Adhyaya 65 — Svarocis Enjoys on the Mountain; A Debate on Marital Fidelity and Desire

Sanskrit

एता न दयिताः पत्युर्नैतासां दयितः पतिः ।

विनोदमात्रमेवैताः यथा परिजनोऽपरः ॥

Transliteration

etā na dayitāḥ patyur naitāsāṃ dayitaḥ patiḥ |

vinodamātram evaitā yathā parijano 'paraḥ ||

Translation

Những người nữ này không thật sự là người được chồng yêu, và người chồng cũng không thật sự là người được họ yêu. Họ chỉ là để mua vui—như các kẻ hầu cận khác trong gia thất.

Word by Word

• etāḥ: these (women)
• etāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); सर्वनाम-शब्द (pronoun)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• dayitāḥ: beloved
• dayitāḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधाना-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dayita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन; विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• patyuḥ: of the husband
• patyuḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन; विशेष-रूप: पति-शब्दस्य षष्ठी एकवचन (patyuḥ)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• etāsām: of these (women)
• etāsām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), षष्ठी (Gen.), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-शब्द

• dayitaḥ: beloved
• dayitaḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधाना-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dayita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन; विशेषण

• patiḥ: husband
• patiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन

• vinoda-mātram: mere amusement
• vinoda-mātram: Pradhāna (प्रधाना/predicate noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vinoda (प्रातिपदिक) + mātra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (determinative): विनोदस्य मात्रम् = 'mere amusement'

• eva: only/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• etāḥ: these (women)
• etāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-शब्द

• yathā: as/like
• yathā: Upamāna (उपमान/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमान/प्रकार-वाचक अव्यय (comparative/conj. 'as/like')

• parijanaḥ: attendant/retinue person
• parijanaḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parijana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन

• aparaḥ: another/other
• aparaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within the Dharmapakṣī (wise birds) discourse (exact speaker not named in provided verses)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ethics
• Householder conduct
• Detachment
• Critique of lust

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Affection grounded in lust and variety is unstable; relationships reduced to entertainment lack the sanctity of mutual devotion (prema) and degrade persons into instruments of pleasure.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not a pañcalakṣaṇa unit (sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita) per se; it belongs to ācāra–dharma instruction embedded in narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘retinue’ metaphor signals the fall from subject-to-subject love into objectification; spiritually, it warns that desire turns the jīva into a consumer of experiences rather than a knower of truth.