Shloka 2

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

महाभूतप्रमाणं च लोकालोकं तथैव च ।

पर्यासं परिमाणं च गतिं चन्द्रार्कयोः अपि ॥

Transliteration

mahābhūta-pramāṇaṃ ca lokālokaṃ tathaiva ca |

paryāsaṃ parimāṇaṃ ca gatiṃ candrārkayor api ||

Translation

Xin cũng nói cho tôi về các kích thước của những đại nguyên tố, và Lokāloka (ranh giới giữa thế giới và bóng tối); về chu vi và quy mô của vũ trụ, và cả quỹ đạo vận hành của Mặt Trăng và Mặt Trời.

Word by Word

• mahābhūta-pramāṇam: the measure/extent of the great elements
• mahābhūta-pramāṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + pramāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): 'महाभूतानां प्रमाणम्'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (and)

• lokālokaṃ: (the region of) Loka and Aloka
• lokālokaṃ: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक) + aloka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); द्वन्द्व-समास (copulative): 'लोकश्च अलोकश्च'

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): 'so/likewise'

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphasis)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (and)

• paryāsam: the arrangement/order (circuit/sequence)
• paryāsam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paryāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• parimāṇam: the dimension/measure
• parimāṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parimāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (and)

• gatim: the motion/course
• gatim: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• candra-arkayoḥ: of the moon and the sun
• candra-arkayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: candra (प्रातिपदिक) + arka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), द्विवचन (Dual); द्वन्द्व-समास: 'चन्द्रश्च अर्कश्च'

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कारार्थक-निपात (particle: 'also/even')

Speakers

• Krauṣṭuki → Mārkaṇḍeya

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya
• Candra

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Astronomy (Purāṇic)
• Cosmic boundaries (Lokāloka)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The request ties metaphysics (elements) to observable order (sun/moon courses), implying a worldview where dharma aligns with a knowable, patterned cosmos.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: description of cosmic structure and measures is a core ‘creation/structure’ characteristic; it also supports Manvantara by providing the stage on which cyclical history unfolds.

What is the esoteric significance?

Lokāloka, the limit of light, can represent the boundary between knowledge and ignorance; asking its ‘measure’ suggests the aspirant’s urge to map and transcend cognitive darkness.