Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 62

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

सा येषां रसना-संस्थास्तानसाधून् विबाधते ।

परिवर्तसुतौ द्वौ तु विरूपविकृतौ द्विज ॥

Transliteration

sā yeṣāṃ rasanā-saṃsthā tān asādhūn vibādhate | parivarta-sutau dvau tu virūpa-vikṛtau dvija ||

Translation

Nàng (thực thể ấy), ngự trên đầu lưỡi của những người kia, quấy nhiễu và hành hạ kẻ ác. Và hai người con của Parivarta đã sinh ra—hình dạng méo mó và tật nguyền, hỡi Bà-la-môn.

Word by Word

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• येषाम्: of whom
• येषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध (of whom)

• रसना-संस्थाः: situated on the tongue
• रसना-संस्थाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रसना (प्रातिपदिक) + संस्थ (कृदन्त; √स्था धातु)
• Form: समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (rasanāyāṃ saṃsthāḥ = situated on the tongue); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कृदन्त-विशेषण (past participle sense)

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• असाधून्: the wicked/unsaintly
• असाधून्: Karma (कर्म/Object; apposition to तान्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असाधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• विबाधते: harasses/afflicts
• विबाधते: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि√बाध् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• परिवर्त-सुतौ: the two sons of Parivarta
• परिवर्त-सुतौ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; in apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिवर्त (प्रातिपदिक) + सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (parivartasya sutau = sons of Parivarta); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन

• द्वौ: two
• द्वौ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन; संख्यावाचक विशेषण

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थ

• विरूप-विकृतौ: misshapen and deformed
• विरूप-विकृतौ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरूप (प्रातिपदिक) + विकृत (कृदन्त; वि√कृ धातु)
• Form: समासः द्वन्द्व (virūpau ca vikṛtau ca); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन; विशेषण

• द्विज: O brahmin
• द्विज: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Markandeya Purana’s dharma/omen discourse (frame-speaker not explicit in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Omens
• Karmic consequence
• Social/household warnings

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Speech and taste (the tongue) are presented as a locus where moral corruption manifests; harmful dispositions ‘reside’ there and then trouble the wicked themselves. The mention of deformed offspring functions as a purāṇic way of marking adharma as socially and physically disruptive.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily within Vaṃśānucarita (accounts of lineages/descendants) and Dharma-upadeśa (ethical instruction) rather than sarga/pratisarga. The verse introduces a lineage event (sons of Parivarta) used to ground a moral warning.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Residing on the tongue’ can symbolize the subtle power of vāk (speech) and rasa (desire/taste): when misused, it becomes an internal afflicter. Deformity symbolizes inner distortion externalized.