Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 61

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

सोमाम्बुपौ तथाम्भोधिः सविता चानिलानलौ ।

तथोक्तेः कालजिह्वोऽभूत् पुत्रस्तालनिकेतनः ॥

Transliteration

somāmbupau tathāmbhodhiḥ savitā cānilānalau |

tathokteḥ kālajihvo 'bhūt putras tāla-niketanaḥ ||

Translation

Soma và Ambupā, cũng như Đại dương; Savitṛ, cùng với Gió và Lửa—được nói là như vậy. Từ lời tuyên thuyết ấy, Kāla-jihva sinh khởi; và con trai của ông là Tāla-niketana.

Word by Word

• सोमाम्बुपौ: Soma and Ambupa
• सोमाम्बुपौ: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम + अम्बुप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (Soma and Ambup(a))

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: सम्बन्ध (Adverbial connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: likewise)

• अम्भोधिः: Ambhodhi (ocean)
• अम्भोधिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्भोधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• सविता: Savitṛ (the Sun)
• सविता: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ऋ-प्रातिपदिक (सवितृ)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अनिलानलौ: Anila and Anala (wind and fire)
• अनिलानलौ: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनिल + अनल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (wind and fire)

• तथा: thus
• तथा: सम्बन्ध (Adverbial connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: thus)

• उक्तेः: of the statement/utterance
• उक्तेः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; ‘उक्तेः’ (of the utterance/statement)

• कालजिह्वः: Kālajihva
• कालजिह्वः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल + जिह्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘काला जिह्वा यस्य’/‘कालजिह्वः’ (proper name)

• अभूत्: became/was
• अभूत्: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• पुत्रः: a son
• पुत्रः: प्रथमा-सम्बन्ध (Predicate/Complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विधेय (predicate nominative)

• तालनिकेतनः: Tālaniketana (dweller of Tāla)
• तालनिकेतनः: विशेषण/उपाधि (Appositional epithet)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ताल + निकेतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ‘तालस्य निकेतनः’ (one whose abode is in/at Tāla)

Speakers

• Narratorial voice (list-style naming); exact dialogue speaker not inferable from excerpt alone

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Soma
• Savitṛ
• Vāyu (Anila)
• Agni (Anala)

Key Themes

• Cosmological cataloging
• Mythic genealogy
• Deity/element personifications

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purāṇic method often links ritual order and cosmic order: after prescribing śānti, the text can pivot to enumerations of beings/deities, reminding that human welfare is embedded in a larger network of elemental and divine agencies.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This verse leans toward Vaṃśa/Vaṃśānucarita-style cataloging (genealogical listing), though without surrounding verses the exact genealogical frame cannot be fixed.

What is the esoteric significance?

Naming Soma, ocean, sun-impeller, wind, and fire maps a ‘cosmic body’ of liquidity, luminosity, motion, and transformation. The emergence of named beings from ‘utterance’ hints at a mantra/śabda-based cosmogony where speech structures reality.