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Shloka 34

Adhyaya 49Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

ततो द्वन्द्वान्य् अजायन्त शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि वै ।

तास् तद्-द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थं चक्रुः पूर्वं पुराणि तु ॥

tato dvandvāny ajāyanta śītoṣṇa-kṣun-mukhāni vai | tās tad-dvandvopaghātārthaṃ cakruḥ pūrvaṃ purāṇi tu ||

Bấy giờ các cặp đối đãi phát sinh—lạnh và nóng, đói khát và những điều tương tự. Để đối trị các khổ não do những nhị nguyên ấy gây ra, họ trước hết dựng nên các thị trấn/thành lũy kiên cố.

ततःthen
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (अव्यय)
द्वन्द्वानिpairs of opposites
द्वन्द्वानि:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वन्द्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
अजायन्तarose / were born
अजायन्त:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानिhaving cold, heat, and hunger as (chief) forms
शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootशीत + उष्ण + क्षुत् + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvandva compound used adjectivally; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) qualifying द्वन्द्वानि; components: शीत (cold) + उष्ण (heat) + क्षुत् (hunger) + मुख (headed/consisting of)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय)
ताःthey (those women)
ताः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग)
तत्that
तत्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAccusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); deictic qualifier to द्वन्द्व
द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थम्for the destruction of those opposites
द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वन्द्व + उपघात + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAccusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग) used adverbially as purpose; तत्पुरुष: द्वन्द्वस्य उपघातः (destruction) तस्य अर्थः → 'for the destruction of the dvandvas'
चक्रुःthey made / they did
चक्रुः:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
पूर्वम्formerly / at first
पूर्वम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाववत्)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषण), 'formerly/at first'
पुराणिancient things / old (measures/arrangements)
पुराणि:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपुराण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAccusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
FormAdversative particle (अव्यय)
Narrative voice within didactic exposition

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Dvandva (dualities)Human settlementAdaptation to sufferingCivilizational origins

FAQs

As inner greed grows, outer suffering manifests as dvandvas; civilization (towns/forts) is presented as a response to vulnerability rather than an original need.

Manvantara/yuga social history: describing how human institutions arise under changing worldly conditions.

Dvandvas symbolize the mind’s oscillations; building ‘puras’ mirrors the ego’s attempt to fortify itself against impermanence and discomfort.