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Shloka 44

Adhyaya 48The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

यथार्तावृतुलिङ्गानि नानारूपाणि पर्यये ।

दृश्यन्ते तानि तान्येव तथा भावाः युगादिषु ॥

yathārtāvṛtuliṅgāni nānārūpāṇi paryaye / dṛśyante tāni tānyeva tathā bhāvā yugādiṣu

Cũng như những dấu hiệu đặc thù của các mùa lần lượt hiện ra dưới nhiều hình thức—chính những khuôn mẫu ấy lặp đi lặp lại—thì các hoàn cảnh và trạng thái cũng tái diễn vào lúc khởi đầu của các yuga.

yathājust as
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (उपमान/प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)
ṛtauin a season
ṛtau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
ṛtu-liṅgāniseasonal signs
ṛtu-liṅgāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक) + liṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) = seasonal marks/signs
nānā-rūpāṇiof various forms
nānā-rūpāṇi:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnānā (अव्यय) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘many-varied forms’ qualifying liṅgāni
paryayein succession/turn
paryaye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootparyaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
dṛśyanteare seen/appear
dṛśyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); passive-like sense ‘are seen’
tānithose
tāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
tānithose (same)
tāni:
Anuvāda (अनुवाद/echo)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Plural (बहुवचन)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण अव्यय)
tathāso/likewise
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (तुल्यतावाचक अव्यय)
bhāvāḥstates/conditions/entities
bhāvāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
yuga-ādiṣuin the yugas and so on (at their beginnings)
yuga-ādiṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) = in the beginnings of yugas etc.
Narrative voice within the cosmology account (contextually Markandeya speaking in the broader dialogue)
CosmologyCyclic timeYuga theoryRecurrence of archetypes

FAQs

History is cyclical: patterns return. This encourages discernment—recognizing recurring tendencies—and steadiness in dharma rather than being overwhelmed by changing appearances.

It bridges Sarga with Manvantara/Kalpa thinking by emphasizing periodic re-manifestation: the same templates reappear at each yuga’s commencement.

Seasonal ‘signs’ are a microcosm of cosmic rhythm: the macrocycle (yugas) mirrors the microcycle (ṛtus). The verse implies an underlying invariant order (ṛta) expressing itself through repeating forms.