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Shloka 40

Adhyaya 48The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

हिंस्त्राहिंस्त्रे मृदुक्रूरे धर्माधर्मावृतानृते ।

तद्भाविताः प्रपद्यन्ते तस्मात्तत्तस्य रोचते ॥

hiṃstrāhiṃstre mṛdu-krūre dharmādharmāvṛtānṛte | tad-bhāvitāḥ prapadyante tasmāt tat tasya rocate ||

Đối với bạo lực và bất bạo lực, hiền hòa và tàn bạo, dharma và adharma, chân thật và hư vọng—chúng sinh hành xử theo đúng những trạng thái đã huân tập; vì thế, chính khuynh hướng ấy trở nên đáng ưa đối với mỗi người.

hiṃstrein the violent (mode/state)
hiṃstre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Roothiṃstra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative/Saptamī (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
ahiṃstrein the non-violent (mode/state)
ahiṃstre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootahiṃstra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative/Saptamī (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
mṛduin the gentle (mode/state)
mṛdu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmṛdu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative/Saptamī (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) (used as first member in dvandva)
krūrein the cruel (mode/state)
krūre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrūra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative/Saptamī (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
dharma-adharmain dharma and adharma
dharma-adharma:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma + adharma (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
FormDvandva (द्वन्द्व) compound; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative/Saptamī (सप्तमी), Dual (द्विवचन) (as first part of larger compound)
ṛta-anṛtein truth and untruth
ṛta-anṛte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootṛta + anṛta (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
FormDvandva (द्वन्द्व) compound; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative/Saptamī (सप्तमी), Dual (द्विवचन)
āvṛtacovered/overlaid
āvṛta:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootā + vṛ (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative/Saptamī (सप्तमी), Dual (द्विवचन); qualifies dharmādharmau (and/or the pair)
tad-bhāvitāḥthose conditioned by that
tad-bhāvitāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottad + bhāvita (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative/Prathamā (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
prapadyantethey resort to / fall into
prapadyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra + pad (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (लट्, present), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
tasmāttherefore, from that
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Ablative/Pañcamī (पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)
tatthat
tat:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Prathamā (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tasyato him/of him
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Genitive/Ṣaṣṭhī (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
rocateis pleasing, appeals
rocate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootruc (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (लट्, present), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
Narrative voice (ethical-psychological doctrine)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Dharma (implicit cosmic principle)
DharmaEthicsKarmaPsychology of habitTruth (ṛta)

FAQs

Character is habituated: repeated choices crystallize into what one finds ‘natural’ or ‘pleasant.’ Hence dharmic practice is also the re-training of desire and preference.

It supports Sarga by explaining how differentiated natures operate after creation; it also gestures toward the purāṇic concern with right conduct (dharma) as a sustaining force in cyclical time.

‘Rocana’ (what pleases) indicates the subtle bond: beings are chained less by external fate than by internal attraction shaped by saṃskāra; liberation requires altering the root ‘taste’ through sattva, tapas, and jñāna.