Shloka 41

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

यथा जलं जलेनैक्यं निक्षिप्तमुपगच्छति ।

तथात्मा साम्यमभ्येति योगिनः परमात्मनि ॥

Transliteration

yathā jalaṃ jalenaikyaṃ nikṣiptam upagacchati / tathātmā sāmyam abhyeti yoginaḥ paramātmani

Translation

Như nước, khi đổ vào nước, đạt đến nhất thể; cũng vậy, bản ngã (Self) của yogin đạt sự đồng nhất với Đại Ngã tối thượng (Paramātman).

Word by Word

• yathā: just as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमानार्थे

• jalam: water
• jalam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• jalena: with/by water
• jalena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• aikyam: oneness
• aikyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aikya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• nikṣiptam: cast/placed (in)
• nikṣiptam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni+√kṣip (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘jalam’ (“thrown/placed”)

• upagacchati: approaches, attains
• upagacchati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa+√gam (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present indicative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• tathā: so, likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तदनुरूपे (so, in the same way)

• ātmā: the self
• ātmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• sāmyam: identity, sameness
• sāmyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sāmya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• abhyeti: attains, reaches
• abhyeti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi+√i (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present indicative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• yoginaḥ: of the yogin
• yoginaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yogin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• paramātmani: in the Supreme Self
• paramātmani: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama-ātman (प्रातिपदिक: परम + आत्मन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (‘supreme self’)

Speakers

• Teacher addressing a king; concluding analogy

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Paramātman
• Ātman
• Non-duality
• Yoga
• Moksha

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The final aim of yoga is identity/sameness with the Supreme Self, not merely altered states. Ethically, it implies equanimity: when one sees sameness with the Whole, partiality and hostility subside.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Philosophical mokṣa-teaching; not a pancalakṣaṇa unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

Water merging into water conveys non-dual continuity without boundary: individuality is like a temporary delimitation; realization is the dissolution of conceptual borders into undivided awareness.