Shloka 37

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

यथाहि कनकं खण्डमपद्रव्यवदग्निना ।

दग्धदोषं द्वितीयेन खण्डेनैक्यं व्रजेन्नृप ॥

Transliteration

yathā hi kanakaṃ khaṇḍam apadravyavad agninā / dagdhadoṣaṃ dvitīyena khaṇḍenaikyaṃ vrajen nṛpa

Translation

Như một thỏi vàng, khi các tạp chất bị lửa thiêu đốt—tựa như đã thoát khỏi hợp kim—thì đạt đến sự hợp nhất với một thỏi (vàng ròng) khác, hỡi đức vua.

Word by Word

• yathā: just as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/उपमान-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable); उपमानार्थे/यथार्थे (comparative: “just as”)

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), हेतौ/निश्चये (indeed/for)

• kanakam: gold
• kanakam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (singular)

• khaṇḍam: a piece (fragment)
• khaṇḍam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khaṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• apadravyavat: as if having no foreign matter/impurity
• apadravyavat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-padravya-vat (प्रातिपदिक: अप + द्रव्य + वत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) of ‘khaṇḍam’; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (नञ्-तत्पुरुष: ‘without impurity’ + वत् ‘possessing’)

• agninā: by fire
• agninā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• dagdha-doṣam: with defects burnt away
• dagdha-doṣam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dagdha-doṣa (प्रातिपदिक: दग्ध + दोष)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) of ‘khaṇḍam’ understood; समासः—कर्मधारयः (“burnt” + “defect”: ‘whose defects are burnt’)

• dvitīyena: with a second
• dvitīyena: Viseṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (agreeing with ‘khaṇḍena’), तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• khaṇḍena: with (another) piece
• khaṇḍena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khaṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• aikyam: unity, oneness
• aikyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aikya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• vrajet: would attain/go to
• vrajet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vraj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• nṛpa: O king
• nṛpa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन विभक्ति (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

Speakers

• Teacher addressing a king (nṛpa) using analogy

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Purification
• Non-duality
• Analogy

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Yoga is framed as a purifying ‘fire’ that removes faults (doṣas). Ethically, it emphasizes inner refinement—reducing passions and impurities—rather than merely adopting external marks of spirituality.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic philosophy (yoga-upadeśa), not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Gold symbolizes luminous consciousness; ‘fire’ is tapas/samādhi that burns up avidyā and vāsanās, enabling recognition of essential sameness (aikya) with the absolute.