Shloka 31

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

न चालपेज्जनद्विष्टां वीरहीनां तथा स्त्रियम् । गृहादुच्छिष्टविण्मूत्रपादाम्भांसि क्षिपेद्वहिः ॥

Transliteration

na cālapen janadviṣṭāṃ vīrahīnāṃ tathā striyam / gṛhād ucchiṣṭaviṇmūtrapādāmbhāṃsi kṣiped bahiḥ

Translation

Không nên trò chuyện với người phụ nữ bị dân chúng ghét bỏ, cũng không nên trò chuyện với người phụ nữ không có nơi nương tựa hay sự che chở. Và phải đem ra ngoài nhà các thứ còn thừa: thức ăn thừa, phân, nước tiểu, cùng nước dùng để rửa chân.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• ālaped: should not speak (to)
• ālaped: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ālap (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; धातुः—आलप् (to speak/converse)

• jana-dviṣṭām: a woman hated by people
• jana-dviṣṭām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jana (प्रातिपदिक) + dviṣṭa (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गम्, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (hated by people); विशेषणम् (qualifying 'striyam')

• vīra-hīnām: devoid of a husband/hero
• vīra-hīnām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक) + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गम्, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (devoid of a man/hero); विशेषणम्

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थक-अव्यय

• striyam: a woman
• striyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: strī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गम्, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचनम्

• gṛhāt: from the house
• gṛhāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, पञ्चमी (5th/ablative), एकवचनम्

• ucchiṣṭa-viṇ-mūtra-pāda-ambhāṃsi: leftovers, feces, urine, and water used for washing feet
• ucchiṣṭa-viṇ-mūtra-pāda-ambhāṃsi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ucchiṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + viṇ (प्रातिपदिक) + mūtra (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक) + ambhas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), बहुवचनम्; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (leftovers+feces+urine+foot-water)

• kṣipet: should throw
• kṣipet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṣip (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; धातुः—क्षिप् (to throw/cast)

• bahiḥ: outside
• bahiḥ: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bahiḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: outside)

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction voice within the Purāṇic discourse (didactic narration; not Devi Māhātmya)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Sadācāra (good conduct)
• Gṛhastha duties
• Household hygiene
• Social propriety

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse combines social prudence (avoiding scandalous or risky associations) with strict household purity norms. It reflects a dharma ideal that personal discipline and domestic cleanliness uphold communal harmony.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma material (ācāra) embedded in the Purāṇa; not a direct pancalakṣaṇa category.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Discarding leavings and impurities’ points to removing residual mental impressions (saṃskāra-śeṣa) that pollute clarity; ‘guarded speech/association’ indicates protection of prāṇa and mind from destabilizing influences.