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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 35, Shloka 27

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

उपवासस् त्रिरात्रन्तु दुष्टभक्ताशिनो भवेत् ।

अज्ञाते ज्ञानपूर्वन्तु तद्दोषोपशमेन तु ॥

Transliteration

upavāsas trirātraṃ tu duṣṭa-bhaktāśino bhavet | ajñāte jñāna-pūrvaṃ tu tad-doṣopaśamena tu ||

Translation

Đối với người đã ăn thức ăn ô uế, quy định là phải nhịn ăn ba đêm. Nếu làm trong vô ý thì sự tẩy tịnh được thực hiện tương ứng; còn nếu làm trong hữu ý thì phải dập tắt và trừ bỏ lỗi ấy bằng phép sám hối thích đáng.

Word by Word
उपवासःfasting
उपवासः:
कर्ता (प्रथमा)
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
त्रिthree
त्रि:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNumeral adjective, indeclinable stem; used in compound with रात्र
रात्रम्for a night (duration)
रात्रम्:
कालाधिकरण (द्वितीया-अत्यन्तसंयोग)
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि/रात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (as रात्रम्), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; duration-accusative
तुbut/indeed
तु:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), contrast/emphasis
दुष्टspoiled/impure
दुष्ट:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक/विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (in compound sense with भक्त)
भक्तfood
भक्त:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootभक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (in compound sense)
अशिनःof one who eats
अशिनः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootअशिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; ‘of the eater’
भवेत्should be
भवेत्:
क्रिया (विधि)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, 3rd person, Singular
अज्ञातेwhen (it is) unknown
अज्ञाते:
अधिकरण (सप्तमी)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-ज्ञात (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) used adjectivally, Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘when unknown’
ज्ञानwith knowledge
ज्ञान:
करण (तृतीया)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (in compound sense with पूर्व)
पूर्वम्beforehand
पूर्वम्:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular used adverbially; ‘beforehand’
तुbut/indeed
तु:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
तत्of that
तत्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (in compound sense with दोष)
दोषfault/impurity
दोष:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootदोष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (in compound sense)
उपशमेनby pacification/removal
उपशमेन:
करण (तृतीया)
TypeNoun
Rootउपशम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular
तुindeed
तु:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
Speakers
Dharma-instructional narration within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
DharmaPrāyaścitta (expiation)Food ethicsIntention (knowingly vs unknowingly)

FAQs

Moral weight depends on intention and awareness: the same act has different consequences and remedies when done unknowingly versus knowingly, reflecting a nuanced ethics of culpability.

Ācāra/dharma instruction.

The three-night fast can be read as resetting the ‘inner fire’ (agni) and re-establishing mastery over desire; knowingly eating impurity symbolizes deliberate indulgence requiring deeper correction.

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