Shloka 17

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

तद्वर्ज्यं सलिलं तात ! सदैव पितृकर्मणि ।

मार्गमाविकमौष्ट्रञ्च सर्वमैैकशपफञ्च यत् ॥

Transliteration

tad varjyaṃ salilaṃ tāta sadaiva pitṛ-karmaṇi / mārga-māvika-mauṣṭraṃ ca sarvam aika-śaphaṃ ca yat

Translation

Vì vậy, hỡi người thân mến, loại nước ấy phải luôn tránh trong các nghi lễ dành cho các Pitṛ (Tổ linh). Cũng cần tránh thịt nai, thịt cừu, thịt lạc đà, và nói chung là thịt của mọi loài thú móng một (một guốc).

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• varjyam: to be avoided
• varjyam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: varjya (प्रातिपदिक; √vṛj/√varj धातु-निष्पन्न)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective

• salilam: water
• salilam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: salila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• tāta: dear son/child
• tāta: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

• sadā: always
• sadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of time (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/emphasis (अवधारणार्थक अव्यय)

• pitṛ-karmaṇi: in the rites for the ancestors
• pitṛ-karmaṇi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (pitṝṇāṃ karma)

• mārga: deer (meat)
• mārga: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); used collectively with following adjectives (meat)

• āvika: ovine/sheep (meat)
• āvika: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āvika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); ‘of sheep’ qualifying implied māṃsa

• auṣṭram: camel (meat)
• auṣṭram: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: auṣṭra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); ‘of camel’ qualifying implied māṃsa

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying eka-śapha

• eka-śapham: single-hoofed animals (equines etc.)
• eka-śapham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: eka + śapha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—कर्मधारय (ekaḥ śaphaḥ yasya/jātiḥ)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• yat: whatever/that which
• yat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun referring to preceding items

Speakers

• Ritual instruction voice within the Purāṇic dharma discourse (frame-speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Dietary rules
• Ritual exclusions

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Śrāddha is not a venue for indiscriminate consumption; it is regulated by suitability. The text encodes a conservative ritual diet, restricting certain animal categories.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra material.

What is the esoteric significance?

Single-hoofed animals are symbolically linked with specific guṇic/temperamental qualities in later dharma traditions; the restriction aims at maintaining a calm, sattvic ritual atmosphere for Pitṛs.