Shloka 7

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

तान् सर्वान् यजमानो वै श्राद्धं कुर्वन् यथाविधि ।

समाप्याययते वत्स ! येन येन शृणुष्व तत् ॥

Transliteration

tān sarvān yajamāno vai śrāddhaṃ kurvan yathāvidhi | samāpyāyayate vatsa! yena yena śṛṇuṣva tat ||

Translation

Bằng việc cử hành śrāddha đúng pháp, người chủ tế (yajamāna) quả thật nuôi dưỡng và làm thỏa mãn tất cả họ, hỡi con yêu. Việc ấy diễn ra bằng phương cách nào và theo lối nào—hãy lắng nghe điều đó.

Word by Word

• तान्: them
• तान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; refers to the aforementioned beings

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; qualifies ‘तान्’

• यजमानः: the yajamāna (ritual performer)
• यजमानः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: वाक्य-निबन्धन (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; object of ‘कुर्वन्’

• कुर्वन्: doing/performing
• कुर्वन्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject; participial action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + शतृ (कृत्)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agrees with ‘यजमानः’

• यथा: according as
• यथा: रीति (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) = ‘as/according to’

• विधि: rule/prescription
• विधि: कर्म/रीति-निर्देश (standard)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd) एकवचन; ‘according to rule’; used adverbially with यथा

• समाप्याययते: satisfies/nourishes (them)
• समाप्याययते: क्रिया (main verb); कर्ता = यजमानः, कर्म = तान्
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ- प्यै (धातु) (causative)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; causative sense ‘causes to be satisfied/nourished’

• वत्स: dear child
• वत्स: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/8th), एकवचन; address

• येन: by which
• येन: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; correlative ‘by which/whereby’

• येन: by which (in each way)
• येन: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; repetition for distributive sense

• शृणुष्व: listen
• शृणुष्व: आज्ञा (command to listener)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; object of ‘शृणुष्व’

Speakers

• Madālasā

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Ritual efficacy
• Dharma
• Karmic welfare

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Correct method matters: intention must be paired with prescribed discipline (vidhi). The verse frames śrāddha as an actionable form of care that can benefit even unseen and suffering kin.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Instructional dharma segment; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Nourishing’ here implies subtle replenishment: offerings, mantras, and intention are treated as convertible into benefit appropriate to diverse planes of existence.