Shloka 64

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

वर्ज्यानि चाहुर्विप्रेन्द्र ! कोपोऽध्वगमनं त्वरा ।

राजतञ्च तथा पात्रं शस्तं श्राद्धेषु पुत्रक ! ॥

Transliteration

varjyāni cāhur viprendra! kopo 'dhvagamanaṃ tvarā | rājataṃ ca tathā pātraṃ śastaṃ śrāddheṣu putraka! ||

Translation

Người ta nói, hỡi bậc Bà-la-môn ưu tú, những điều này cần tránh: sân giận, lên đường đi xa, và vội vã. Và bình bằng bạc được tán dương là thích hợp dùng trong nghi lễ śrāddha, hỡi con yêu dấu.

Word by Word

• varjyāni: to be avoided (things)
• varjyāni: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: varjya (प्रातिपदिक; √vṛj/√varj- 'to avoid' + य)
• Form: Kṛdanta (कृदन्त) gerundive/obligatory passive participle (तव्यत्/यत् sense); Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• āhuḥ: they say
• āhuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ah (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्); 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष); Plural (बहुवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• vipra-indra: O lord of Brahmins
• vipra-indra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipra (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन); Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'viprāṇām indraḥ'

• kopaḥ: anger
• kopaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kopa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन)

• adhva-gamanam: journeying/travel
• adhva-gamanam: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhvan (प्रातिपदिक) + gamana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'adhvanaḥ gamanam'

• tvarā: haste
• tvarā: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvarā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन)

• rājatam: silver
• rājatam: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• pātram: vessel/recipient (container)
• pātram: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pātra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन)

• śastam: recommended/approved
• śastam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śasta (प्रातिपदिक; √śās (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त); Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन); agrees with implied 'varjyam' or with 'pātram' depending on reading; here: 'recommended'

• śrāddheṣu: in śrāddhas
• śrāddheṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Locative (7th/सप्तमी); Plural (बहुवचन)

• putraka: O dear son
• putraka: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putraka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन); Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Madālasa → Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (rite context)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Ritual purity
• Emotional discipline
• Approved vessels

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Śrāddha demands inner and outer order: anger and haste disturb mental purity, while travel disrupts steadiness. Proper materials (like a silver vessel) support reverence and correctness.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Avoiding kopa and tvarā emphasizes sattvic containment; the rite is a ‘slow’ sacrament. Silver, associated with coolness and lunar symbolism, aligns with ancestral (pitṛ) orientation.